PHYSICAL LAWS, WORK AND MOTION

Motion

A change in an object's position relative to time and a distant reference point.

Forces

Push or pull factors that change an object's speed or direction.

Speed

How fast an object moves, calculated as distance divided by time.

Momentum

The amount of motion an object has, dependent on its mass and velocity.

Acceleration

Any change in velocity.

Gravity

The force that attracts two objects toward each other, dependent on their masses and distance between them.

First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia)

An object will remain at rest or continue moving at the same speed and direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Second Law of Motion

If an object experiences an unbalanced force, it will accelerate, with acceleration depending on the magnitude of the force and the object's mass.

Third Law of Motion

If object A exerts a force on object B, then B will exert an equal force on A in the opposite direction.

Work

Occurs when a force moves an object in the direction of the force, calculated as force multiplied by distance.

Power

The rate at which a certain amount of work is accomplished, measured in watts.

Machines

Implements that make work easier by redirecting or multiplying forces.

Mechanical Advantage

The ability of a machine to complete work faster.

Simple Machines

Inclined plane, wedge, screw, lever, pulley, axle, and wheel.