Reactance, Impendance and Filter circuits

Steady State vs Transient

• steady state is where voltage and current in circuit settle down to state which lasts forever

• if system is suddenly connected to a battery such as closing switch, then system will take time to adapt to the sudden change, this is transient state

transient response

switch from off to on - closing a switch doesnt cause value to instantly jump to final

step response

step function (low voltage to high voltage), known as step response

initial and final values

RC or CRs are first order systems as their behaviours are determined by first order differential equations.

• generalise first-order system transient responses in terms of 2 exponentials

exponentials for initial and final values

v = vf + (vi - vf) x e^(-t/tau), same for e. first tirm is steady-state and second term is transient

impact of time constant on pulse responses

as tau increases, step response becomes more wavy

RL circuit

resistor-inductor, coil of wire