Reconstruction (copy)

planter class

Economics:: banks ruined due to inflation and transportation destroyed and ________ devastated who were big part of economy (mansions and farmland destroyed)

Edward Stanton

________:: Sec of War who spied for RR appointed by Lincoln and would be fired.

radical rule

Rebellion against ________:: started as Democratic PArty to overthrow Reconstruction gmvt and replace w /white supremacist.

Accommodation

________:: blacks show value to implement desegregation and adopt white habits.

Tensure Office Act

________:: President can not remove senate- approved people w /o approval of senate.

What was Reconstruction (2)

Attempt to reunify Union after Civil War and improve status of Freedman

4 main questions of Reconstruction

How to rebuild South after CW, What condition of AA need and how to provide services, how will the South be reintegrated, who will control this process

Consequences of Confederate Leaders

Jefferson Davis arrested and other Confederate leaders before being released 2 years later by Johnson in 1868

C. 13 Amendment

Congress had right to enforce the banishment of slavery

Main cities destroyed

Atlanta, Richmond, Charleston destroyed (eco centres)

Economics

banks ruined due to inflation and transportation destroyed and planter class devastated who were big part of economy (mansions and farmland destroyed)

C. AGriculture

fields destroyed and livestock killed and agriculture output doesnt return until 1870s

Statistics

3.9 million slaves (32.27% of population)

Who created and led Freedmens Bureau

in 1865 by Congress and led by oliver Howard)

Why Freedmens Bureau

help freed slaves and poor whites with food, clothing, medicine, and education

Examples of Freedmens Bureaus actions (3)

teachers teaching 200,000 blacks, worked labor agreements with former masters and slave, authorized abandoned land to blacks (40 acres and a mule)

D. Planter classs reaction towards blacks

forced blacks to work and intimidate/harm opponents

E. What happened in Summer/fall of 1868

1080 ppl to prevent Republican agenda

President Lincolns 10% Plan

10% of all ex-confederate voters pledge allegiance to Us and uphold emancipation to get to Union and create state gov

Reaction of Congress to 10% Plan and why

not received well because of Republican ideals maintained and decreasing Southern aristocrat power

B. Wade-Davis Bill

required 50% of voters to pledge allegiance and uphold emanicpation, create state convention to safeguard Union ideals

C. What did Congress do after Lincolns veto

Congress able to deny Southern states seats

D. Who was President Johnson

came from poor white but former slave owner and served as military governor of TN and Lincolns VP

Johnsons Reconstruction (4)

pardoning ex-Conf soldiers and calls states to repeal ordinances of secession and ratify 13th Amendment and gave planter class control of states

What happened to Congress in 1865-1866

Congress out of session w/ former Conf leaders and generals elected in Congress (Alexander Stevens)

Black Codes

regulate blacks to guarantee labor supply and ensure blacks to remain inferior (oppress) and gave blacks labor contracts that led to poverty, debt, or force to work, blacks forbidden to serve in juries, could interracial marry, get land, vagrancy clauses (forced blacks to work in chain gang if unemployed) to become sharecroppers

H. Why black codes

labor shortage and did not like blacks to be equal, especially with union black soldiers

Radical Republicans take a stand (what are their fears)

feared that acts passed would be ignored and free black population increase Southern representation (more electoral votes)

Why Civil Rights Bill of 1866

response to Johnsons Reconstruction Plan and vetoes

What did the CR Bill of 1866 do

gave black citizenship ,

Why CR Bill of 1866 (2)

destroy black codes and reinforce 14th amendment

14th Amendment (4)

Gave civil right of citizenship and not count part of population if voting is discriminate, former Conf cannot serve in Congress, guarantee federal debt repudiating all Conf debt

Congressional Elections

democratic congress asks states to reject 14th but Republicans win super majority (2/3)

Moderate vs Radical Republicans

Radicals want to punish South while moderates do not want fed intervention while not wanting states to infringe on rights

Charlie Sumner

Senate of MA

Thaddeus Stevens

House of PA

What is Military reconstruction (mar 1870)

5 districts each commanded by 1 union general

Military Reconstrcution policies (3)

thousands of ex-Conf lose right to vote and require south states to ratify 14th amendment to become a part of Union and accept full suffrage of blacks that sets up for 15th Amendment

Military Reconstruction Cons

not a lot of education and land for them and some Northerners did not like policies

Tensure Office Act

President cannot remove senate-approved people w/o approval of senate

Edward Stanton

Sec of War who spied for RR appointed by Lincoln and would be fired

15th Amendment

passed in 1870 to ensure suffrage for black men

15th Amendment Loopholes (5)

does not say anything from holding office, voting requirements not uniform, poll taxes, literacy tests, grandfather clauses

Lynchings

intimidate blacks from voting (200 in 1882 and 230 in 1892) that disenfranchised blacks and poor whites

Why were lynching hard to remove

many politicians were involved

What was Civil Rights Act of 1875 and its shortcoming

crime to deny full and equal use of public conveniences (hotel, RR, trains, theatres, restaurants) but lacked enforcement mechanism

Why did Reconstruction die down

Ignored after due to North facing issues with economy

North vs South Suffrage pre and post 15th Amendment

Northern states denied blacks to vote but do not circumvent Amendment unlike Southern states

Where did blacks make up majority of voters (5)

AL, FL, LA, MS, SC

Where in government did blacks make the majority of

majority in house of representatives in SC

Black Senators of MS

Revels and Bruce

Corruption of states and former whigs

former whigs, scalawags, who supported Reconstruction as Southerners harmed

Positives of Reconstrcution (6)

Blacks educated, tax sys improved, more work projects, women get property rights, better apportionment in state legislator, voting based on property removed

Rebellion against radical rule

started as Democratic PArty to overthrow Reconstruction gmvt and replace w/ white supremacist

Why rebel against radical rule

did not like blacks in politics and anyone supporting Reconstrcution

Domestic terroist organization

started in TN in 1866 with Southeners

What did KKK do (3)

terrorized, flogged, and mutilated blacks and anyone supported Reconstruction

Why did KKK do it (2)

discourage blacks from gaining rights and harm repbulcian Party

C. What were Force Acts of 1870 and 71 also called

enforcement acts or kkk acts

What did Force Acts do and results

fed gvmt removing KKK but partially suceeded

Solid South (3)

Republicans overtaken by Democrats and resentment towards Republicans and rise in anti-black violence

Who did Redeemers consist of

Pre-war democrats or union whigs (ex-Conf) who interested in industrial development

Redeemers goals (2)

undo changes in Civil War in 1870s and dismantle Reconstrcution

Purpose of Sharecropping

keep blacks oppressed and tied to former masters and indebted

B. Slaughterhouse Case significance(1873)

fed gvmt cannot discriminate but state gvmt could

C. Civil rights Case significance(1883)

SC declares fed gvmt protects from state, not from individual, discouraging civil rights laws and disenfranching blacks and rise of voting loopholes

D. Gerrymandering

redrawing district lines so blacks will not be majority

E. When were Jim Crow Laws implemented and why

1890s, segregation in public places to oppress blacks

F. Who was Booker T. Washington and beliefs

head of tuskgee institute who believed blacks should be in good education and trade but fought against Jim Crow Laws

accommodation

blacks show value to implement desegregation and adopt white habits

G. WEB DuBoiss belief on segregation

immediate economical and social equality

What did Dubois form to combat

formed niagara movement that advocated for educational/economic rights

H. Plessy v. Ferguson significance(1896)

"separate but equal" separation legal as long as quality of places equal