Weight Management

In terms of genders and ethnicities, what groups are most impacted by obesity?

Hispanic males and black females

What is a Kilocalorie (aka food calorie) and how is it used?

-the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram (or 1 liter) of water, 1°C
-used to measure energy

How does television viewing lead to inactivity and how prevalent is it in the average American home?

-tv viewing leads to inactivity because it tends to cause people to eat more
-More than 1/3 of U.S. adults do not exercise; 30% are somewhat active

What are the models of prevention?

Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Prevention

5. What are the characteristics, prevalence, and symptoms of eating disorders (this applies to all)

-(characteristics): restrained eating, binge eating, compensatory behavior
-(prevalence): Most prevalent in young, white females
-(symptoms): unhealthy eating or exercise behavior & extreme weight control behaviors

6. What is the link between hypertension and obesity?

Obese adults are six times more likely to develop high blood pressure

7. What is diabetes mellitus and how is linked to obesity?

-Hyperinsulinemia leads to insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance
-Obesity is the greatest risk factor for type 2 diabetes

8. Know what comorbidities are.

presence of two or more diseases or medical conditions in a patient

What is metabolic syndrome and how is it treated?

A collection of conditions, including central obesity, hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, and elevated fasting glucose

What are the different types of body composition assessment methods?

-BMI: body mass index
-BIA: bioelectrical impedance analysis
-DXA: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
-TBW: total body water

Know what anthropometrics are.

Height, weight, circumferences, and skinfolds that are used to calculate BMI, Pattern of fat distribution and % fat

What is Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and what is it used for?

-x ray scans that produce image of bone and other tissues.
-used to calculate fat and FFM (regional fat can also be assessed)

What are BMI ranges for the different weight classes (underweight, overweight, etc...)

underweight: less than 18.5
overweight: 25.0-29.9
normal: 18.5-24.9
obesity: 30.0-34.9 & 35.0-39.9
extreme obesity: greater than/equal to 40

. What and why are children's weight ranges in percentiles?

A percentile shows the relative position of the child's BMI, Weight, or Height among children of the same sex and age

How does the brain regulate sleep and appetite?

The hypothalamus regulates functions like thirst, appetite, and sleep patterns.

What is Bradycardia?

slow heart rate

What measures subcutaneous fat?

a good indicator of internal fat

What is are the proper names and differences between the "bad" and "good" cholesterols?

HDL(high-density lipoprotein) is considered "good" cholesterol, while LDL (low density lipoprotein) is considered "bad"

What are triglycerides?

the main constituents of body fat in humans and other vertebrates, as well as vegetable fat

what is primary prevention

Interventions before children and adults become overweight or obese

secondary prevention

Intervention before BMI increases further in overweight or obese children and adults

tertiary prevention

Intervention to slow excess weight gain and prevent complications of obesity