COMPARISON LF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

Prokaryotes

Size:

Commonly 0.2- 2.0 micrometer in diameter

Eukaryotes

Size:

Commonly 10- 100 micrometer in diameter

Prokaryotes

Nucleus: absent,no nuclear membrane or nucleoli

Eukaryotes

Nucleus:

Present, true nucleus consisting of nuclear membrane and nucleoli

Prokaryotes

Membrane- bound organElle’s:

Absent

Eukaryotes

Membrane bound organelles:

Present; include ER, Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

Prokaryotes

Glycocalyx:

Present as organized capsule or as unorganized slime layer

Eukaryotes

Glycocalyx:

Present surrounding some animal cells

Present in some cells that lack a cell wall

Prokaryotes

Motility:

Some have simple flagella composed of a filament, hook, and basal body that rotates

Eukaryotes

Motility:

Some have complex flagella or cilia composed of a "9 + 2" arrangement of microtubules that undulate; others move by means of amoeboid action

prokaryotes

Flagella:

Present, consist of two protein building blocks

eukaryotes

Flagella:

Present, complex, consist of multiple microtubules

Prokaryotes

Cilia:

Absent

Eukaryotes

Cilia: Present

Prokaryotes

Fimbriae and pili:

Present

Eukaryotes

Fimbriae and pili:

Absent

Prokaryotes

Cell wall:

present in most; in bacteria, typically composed of peptidoglycan

Eukaryotes

Cell wall:

Present in most; composed of cellulose, algin agar, carrageenan , silicate, glucomannan, or chitin

Chemically simple

prokaryotes

Cytoplasmic membrane:

Lacks carbohydrates: usually lacks sterols

Eukaryotes

Cytoplasmic membrane:

Contains glycolipids, glycoproteins, and sterols

Sterols a n d carbohydrates that serve as receptors present

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Cytosol:

Present

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Inclusions:

Present

Prokaryotes

Ribosomes:

Smaller (70S)

Eukaryotes

Ribosomes:

Larger (80S) in cytoplasm, but 70s in mitochondria and chloroplasts

Prokaryotes

Chromosomes:

Commonly single, circular, and lacking histones

Eukaryotes

Chromosomes:

Typically more than one, linear, and containing histones

Prokaryotes

Cell division:

Binary fission

Eukaryotes

Cell division

Mitosis

Prokaryotes

Sexual reproduction

No meiosis; transfer of DNA fragments only

Eukaryotes

Sexual reproduction

Involves meiosis