Chapter 12 - Transport Across Membranes

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Biology

23 Terms

1

simple diffusion

when a substance goes directly through the bilayer

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2

gradient

differences in concentration

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3

passive transport

no energy is needed, move from a high to low concentration

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4

diffusion

movement that goes with the gradient

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5

tonicity

ability of a surrounding solution to gain or lose water

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6

facilitated diffusion

substances require a protein transporter to be able to cross the membrane

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7

active transport

energy is required, substances move against the concentration gradient

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8

uniporter

a protein transporter that pumps one substance across a membrane

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9

cotransporter

a protein transporter that pumps several substances across a membrane

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10

antiporter

a protein transporter that moves substances in opposite directions

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11

symporter

a protein transporter that moves substances in the same direction

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12

coupled transport

a gradient that is made by a uniporter, is used to move substances through a cotransporter

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13

endocytosis

when materials are internalized by a cell through engulfing

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14

phagocytosis

engulfs large solid particles

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15

pinocytosis

engulfs a portion of something, taking in dissolved contents in bulk

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16

receptor-mediated endocytosis

when a membrane is lined with receptors that bind to specific materials and move in bulk

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17

clathrin-coated pits

areas where receptors are found

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18

isotonic

movement in and out of cells is =

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19

hypotonic

movement into the cell

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20

hypertonic

movement out of the cell

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21

osmoregulation

the attempt to maintain a proper water balance

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22

selectively permeable membrane

only let in certain molecules based on their size and polarity

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23

transcytosis

substances enter, move through, then exit a cell

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