Architecture #9

comes from the Latin architectura and that from Greek (architecton), "master builder", from the combination of (archi-), "chief" or "leader" and (tekton), a "builder" or "carpenter“.

architecture came from the

Architecture

is the making of beautiful buildings.

plan, construction and design

in Architecture Buildings should embody three important elements:

Architecture

is the art of designing and constructing buildings and other types of

structures. Varied materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood, steel,

glass, and plaster.

mother of the arts

Architecture is often referred to as the “_____” because it houses,

serves as background for, or occurs in relation to other fields of art such as

painting, sculpture, interior design, landscape architecture, and city planning.

De Architectura, VITRUVIUS

____ is the earliest written work on the subject of architecture by the Roman architect ______.

1. Durability

2. Utility

3. Beauty

According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles:

1. Purpose or functions

2. Site/location

3. Climate

4. Materials

In planning any building, consider the following:

Monuments or Tombs

This type of architecture commemorates the past of a society such as the Iwo

Jima monument at Arlington National Cemetery or the rants tomb in New York.

Shrines and Sanctuaries

These are places of ceremonies and rituals, binding a community together such

as the National Cathedral in Washington D.C, on your hometown, or church or

synagogue.

Walls and Forts

They serve as protection against attacks like the “Great Wall of China”.

Shelters

They provide the basic protection against the elements such as sun, rain and

wind (e.g., barn for animals, bus shelter or grain silo)

Homesteads

They provide an individual an ideal space to raise family, your family’s house.

Palaces

These the living and the working space for rulers such as the Buckingham

Palace, Versailles or the United States Capitol; a place where government meets

the people.

Public Works

These are foundations of civilized life, such as windmills, roads bridges, water

works the railroads and subways, airport, terminals and etc.

Mansions

They are large homesteads that include servants.

Shops and Offices

These structures facilitate for disturbing goods or services such as Village’s

general store to the mall of America outside Minneapolis, or the Chicago

mercantile exchange.

Amenities

They are places for community welfare and recreation, such as hospitals,

orphanages, libraries, museums, institutional housing like nursing homes,

fairgrounds, or union hall.

Content

This element is the subject matter of architecture.

Space and Mass

The two arts in which space is of great importance are architecture and

painting. Architecture is primarily in art of space.

Composition

The organization of the whole out of its parts, the conception of single

elements, the interrelating of these elements, and the relating of them to the

total form.

Scale and Proportion

Both have to do with size. Scale means size in relation to a standard or “normal”

size. Proportion refers to size relationships between parts of a whole, or between

two or more items perceived as a unit.

Light

It is a necessity for sight and, in architecture, a utility. But light is also a

powerful, though ephemeral, a vehicle of expression.

texture

refers to the way objects feel to the touch. Texture plays a dual role in

architecture: it expresses something of the quality of materials and it gives a

particular quality to light.

Color

It is a constant feature of architecture. It includes pigments which usually

preserve the texture of the original surface, and veneers of wood and a variety

of manufactured product that entirely alter the surface character.

Environment

The architect aims to create harmonies with preexisting elements in the

landscape and townscape. The natural environment is at once a hindrance and a

help, and the architect seeks both to invite its aid and to repel its attacks.

Form

is not only the physical shape, size, and mass of a work are meant, but

also all the elements that contribute to the work’s aesthetic structure and

composition.

Stone

Its advantages are durability, adaptability to sculptural treatment, and the fact

that it can be used in modest structures in its natural state.

Brick

Compares favorably with stone as a structural material for its fine and weather

resisting qualities and for the ease of production, transportation, and laying.

Wood

It’s easier to acquire, transport, and work than other natural materials. All parts

of a building can be efficiently constructed of wood except foundations; its

advantage is susceptibility to fire, mold, and termites.

Iron and Steel

The most important innovation in architecture since ancient times. These

methods provide far stronger and taller structures with less expenditure of

material than stone, brick, or wood and can produce greater unsupported spans

over openings and interior or exterior spaces.

Concrete

is a manufactured mixture of cement and water, with aggregates of sand

and stones, which hardens rapidly by chemical combination to a stone like, water

and fire-resisting solid of great compressive (but low tensile) strength.

Juan F. Nakpil

The son of veterans of the Philippine Revolution, was committed to the belief that architecture built in the Philippines should reflect its culture and people.

Juan F. Nakpil

National Artist for Architecture,1973

Juan F. Nakpil

Rizal Shrines in Calamba Laguna, Quezon Hall, University of

the Philippines, Gonzales Hall, Philippine Village Hotel, Manila Rizal Theaters,

Makati SSS Building, Quezon City Rufino Building and etc.

Leandro Locsin

was in some ways a quintessential Renaissance man. A

brilliant architect, interior designer, artist, and classically trained pianist, also a keen art collector, amassing a sizable collection of fine Chinese art and ceramics during his lifetime. It is for his buildings, however, that he is remembered. From airport terminals to memorial chapels, arts centers to stock exchange structures, he left his mark on the urban landscape of the Philippines.

Leandro Locsin

National Artist for Architecture,1990

Leandro Locsin

Cultural Center of the Philippines, Folks Arts Theater,

Philippine International Convention Center in Manila, Sofitel Philippine Plaza

(Western Philippine Plaza), Philippine Pavilion in Osaka Japan and Manila

International Airport (NAIA Terminal I)

Pablo S. Antonio

One of the first exponents of modernist architecture in

the Philippines, Pablo Antonio is revered as a pioneer and the foremost

architect of his time.

Pablo S. Antonio

National Artist for Architecture, 1976

Pablo S. Antonio

Far Eastern University (in the late 1930’s), Life Theater in Quezon Blvd. in Manila and Galaxy Theater

Idelfonso P. Santos Jr.

The father of Philippine landscape architecture, created some of the best loved urban spaces in the Philippines. Landscape architecture, which deals with parks, plazas, and green spaces, was a little-considered element of urban planning in the first half of the 20th century.

Idelfonso P. Santos Jr.

National Artist for Architecture, 2006

Idelfonso P. Santos Jr.

Cultural Center of the Philippines, Manila Hotel, San Miguel

Cooperation Building, Nayong Filipino, Paco Park, Rizal Park, Loyola Memorial

Park and Tagaytay Highlands Golf and club.