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Biosolids

Primarily an organic, semisolid wastewater product that remains after solids are stabilized biologically or chemically and are suitable for beneficial use

Class A biosolids

Biosolids in which the pathogens (including enteric viruses, pathogenic bacteria, and viable helminth ova) are reduced below current detectable levels

Class B biosolids

Biosolids in which the pathogens are reduced to levels that are unlikely to pose a threat to public health and the environment under specific use conditions. Class B biosolids cannot be sold or given away in bags or other containers or applied on lawns or home gardens

Composition

The makeup of wastewater, including the physical, chemical, and biological constituents

Constituents

Individual components, elements, or biological entities such as suspended solids or ammonia nitrogen

Preliminary

Removal of wastewater constituents such as rags, sticks, floatables, grit, and grease that may cause maintenance or operational problems with the treatment operations, processes, and ancillary systems

Primary

Removal of a portion of the suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater

Advanced primary

Enhanced removal of suspended solids and organic matter from the wastewater. Typically accomplished by chemical addition or filtration

Secondary

Removal of biodegradable organic matter (in solution or suspension) and suspended solids. Disinfection is also typically included in the definition of conventional secondary treatment

Tertiary

Removal of residual suspended solids (after secondary treatment), usually by granular medium filtration or microscreens. Disinfection is also typically a part of tertiary treatment. Nutrient removal is often included in this definition

Advanced

Removal of dissolved and suspended materials remaining after normal biological treatment when required for various water reuse applications

Total solids (TS)

The residue remaining after a wastewater sample has been evaporated and dried at a specified temperature (103 to 105°C)

Total volatile solids (TVS)

Those solids that can be volatilized and burned off when the TS are ignited (500 ± 50°C)

Total fixed solids (TFS)

The residue that remains after TS are ignited (500 ± 50°C)

Total suspended solids (TSS)

Portion of the TS retained on a filter with a specified pore size, measured after being dried at a specified temperature (105°C).

Volatile suspended solids (VSS)

Those solids that can be volatilized and burned off when the TSS are ignited (500 ± 50°C

Fixed suspended solids (FSS)

The residue that remains after TSS are ignited (500 ± 50°C)

Total dissolved solids (TDS)

Those solids that pass through the filter, and are then evaporated and dried at specified temperature. It should be noted that what is measured as TDS is comprised of colloidal and dissolved solids. Colloids are typically in the size range from 0.001 to 1 μm

Total volatile dissolved solids (VDS)

Those solids that can be volatilized and burned off when the TDS are ignited (500 ± 50°C)

Fixed dissolved solids (FDS)

The residue that remains after TDS are ignited (500 ± 50°C)

Settleable solids

Suspended solids, expressed as milliliters per liter, that will settle out of suspension within a specified period of time

• Character

• Detectability

• Hedonics

• Intensity

Factors of Odors