UNIT 4: DRUGS AFFECTING THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to drugs affecting the digestive system, specifically focusing on peptic ulcer disease, laxatives, and antiemetics.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

A group of upper gastrointestinal disorders characterized by varying degrees of erosion of the gut wall, potentially leading to complications like hemorrhage and perforation.

H. pylori

A gram-negative bacillus that can colonize the stomach and duodenum, often implicated in peptic ulcer disease.

Prostaglandins

Compounds that stimulate the secretion of mucus and bicarbonate in the gastric mucosa, playing a defensive role against ulcers.

NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)

Medications that inhibit the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, potentially leading to severe gastrointestinal complications.

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

A condition characterized by gastrin-secreting tumors, causing increased gastric acid production and peptic ulcer disease.

Histamine2 Receptor Antagonists

First-choice drugs for treating gastric and duodenal ulcers that suppress gastric acid secretion by blocking H2 receptors.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Drugs that irreversibly inhibit the proton pump in gastric parietal cells, leading to significant acid suppression for peptic ulcer therapy.

Sucralfate

A medication that binds to the base of ulcers and forms a protective barrier to facilitate healing.

Laxatives

Agents used to ease or stimulate defecation, which can soften the stool, increase stool volume, and hasten fecal passage.

Dietary Fiber

A crucial component for proper bowel function that absorbs water, softens feces, and increases size, helping to prevent constipation.

Antiemetics

Medications administered to suppress nausea and vomiting, which can interact with various receptors in the emetic response.

Nonspecific Antidiarrheal Agents

Drugs like opioids that activate receptors in the gastrointestinal tract to reduce motility and fluid secretion.

Complications of Diarrhea

Can include dehydration and electrolyte depletion, often requiring meticulous management of underlying causes.

Motility-enhancing Agents

Agents like metoclopramide that increase GI tone and motility, commonly used for conditions such as GERD and gastroparesis.