Electrode Potentials and Electrochemical Cells

These flashcards cover key concepts related to electrode potentials, electrochemical cells, sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia preparation, and factors affecting reaction rates.

What is electrode potential?

Electrode potential is the potential difference set up between an element and a solution of its ions, measuring the tendency of the element to form ions.

What factors determine the values of electrode potential?

Factors include the concentration of ions in the solution, temperature at which the measurement is made, and the overall energy change.

What is the standard electrode potential of a metal ion?

The standard electrode potential is the potential difference set up between the metal and a 1 molar solution of its ions at 298K.

What is the arbitrary standard electrode potential chosen for hydrogen?

Hydrogen has been chosen as the arbitrary standard with an electrode potential of zero at all temperatures.

How is the EMF of a cell calculated?

The EMF of a cell is the algebraic difference between the two electrode potentials when half cells are joined together.

What does a positive electrode potential value indicate?

A positive electrode potential value indicates that electrons flow from the hydrogen electrode to the metal electrode.

What does a negative electrode potential value indicate?

A negative electrode potential value indicates that electrons flow from the metal electrode to the hydrogen electrode.

What characterizes a primary cell?

Primary cells produce small currents of electricity by using up the chemicals they are composed of and must be replaced after some time.

What distinguishes a secondary cell from a primary cell?

Secondary cells can be recharged by passing a direct or alternating current through them.

What is one example of a laboratory preparation of SO2?

Laboratory preparation of SO2 can be done by heating sodium or potassium trioxosulphite IV with hydrochloric acid.

What are the uses of SO2?

SO2 is used as a germicide, fumigant, in the manufacture of H2SO4, as a bleaching agent, and in producing calcium hydrogen trioxosulphate IV.

What is the Haber process?

The Haber process is an industrial method for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature and pressure.

What does Le Chatelier’s principle state?

Le Chatelier’s principle states that if an external constraint is imposed on a chemical system in equilibrium, the system will shift to counteract the change.

What is one method of testing for hydrogen gas?

Inserting a lighted splinter into a test tube containing hydrogen gas will cause it to burn with a pop sound.

What is an example of a test for SO2?

SO2 turns purple acidified KMnO4 to colourless, indicating its oxidizing action.

What is the rate of a chemical reaction?

The rate of a chemical reaction is the number of moles of reactant converted or product formed per unit time.

What affects the rate of a chemical reaction?

Factors affecting the rate include nature of reactants, concentration, surface area, temperature, presence of light, and catalysts.