The Middle Ages and the Renaissance

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Middle Ages, Crusades, impact of the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, and the Renaissance, focusing on societal changes, art, and trade.

What were the main effects of the Crusades from 1096 to 1204?

1) Hatred between Christians & Muslims, 2) Economic expansion due to increased trade, 3) Increased power of kings and the Reconquista in Spain, 4) Broader European worldview, 5) Knowledge gained from Islamic culture.

What was the purpose of the Inquisition in Spain?

Designed to punish heretics, or non-Christians, and expelled practicing Jews and Muslims from Spain in 1492.

What was the significance of the Magna Carta established in 1215?

It limited the power of the king by ensuring no taxation without representation and the right to a jury trial.

What was the Black Death and its impact on Europe?

The Black Death, which occurred in 1347 A.D., killed 1/3 of Europe’s population and led to labor shortages and social changes.

Who fought in the Hundred Years' War and what was one major outcome?

England fought France; the war led to increased power for monarchies and marked the end of the Middle Ages.

What defined the cultural movement known as the Renaissance?

The Renaissance (14th-17th centuries) was characterized by humanism, the flourishing of art, literature, and science, challenging traditional authority.

How did trade influence the growth of Italian city-states during the Renaissance?

Italian city-states like Florence, Venice, and Genoa grew wealthy through trade, leading to an increase in credit, banking, and distribution of goods.

What role did the Medici family play in Florence during the Renaissance?

The Medici family were the wealthiest bankers in Europe, using their wealth to commission art and beautify Florence.

How did Renaissance art differ from medieval art?

Renaissance art focused on realistic depictions of people and emotions, utilized perspective for depth, unlike the more stylized and religiously focused medieval art.

What was the impact of Johannes Gutenberg's printing press on European society?

Gutenberg's printing press made books more available, spread humanist ideas quickly, and contributed to increased literacy.