GIT micro 7

Hepatitis

Inflammatory condition of the liver, commonly caused by a viral infection with other possible causes.

Alcoholic hepatitis

A form of hepatitis caused by heavy alcohol use.

Toxic hepatitis

Hepatitis caused by certain poisons, chemicals, medicines, or supplements.

Autoimmune hepatitis

A chronic type of hepatitis where the body's immune system attacks the liver.

Hepatitis A virus

A virus that causes Hepatitis A, classified within the Hepatovirus Genus.

Hepatitis B virus

A virus that causes Hepatitis B, belongs to the family Hepadnaviridae and is an enveloped DNA virus.

Hepatitis C virus

An RNA virus of the Flavivirus family, which can lead to chronic infection.

Transmission routes of Hepatitis A

Includes person-to-person via oral-fecal route, foodborne, and waterborne transmission.

Incubation period for Hepatitis A

Ranges from 10-15 days, typically for acute hepatitis.

Chronic infection

An infection where the virus remains in the body over a long period, as seen in Hepatitis B and C.

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Cells that mediate the immune attack against viral antigens displayed on hepatocyte surfaces.

HBsAg

Hepatitis B surface antigen, important for laboratory diagnosis and immunization.

Mode of transmission for Hepatitis B

Direct contact with blood or bodily fluids, sexual transmission, and vertical transmission.

Acute Hepatitis

Short-term infection where patients may show symptoms for only a few weeks.

Chronic carrier state

A condition where individuals have Hepatitis B surface antigen persisting in their blood for 6 months or longer.

IgM antibodies

Antibodies that indicate acute infection of Hepatitis A.

Preventive measures for Hepatitis A

Include handwashing, proper food heating, and vaccination.

Hepatitis D virus

A defective virus that requires Hepatitis B for replication.

Transmission for Hepatitis E

Primarily through the fecal-oral route, often associated with contaminated drinking water.

Hepatitis G virus

An RNA virus that is related to Hepatitis C but has not been established as a cause of liver disease.

Passive immunization

Administration of human serum immunoglobulin to protect against infection if given before or during exposure.

Active immunization

Using inactivated virus vaccines to induce immune response against Hepatitis viruses.

Diagnosis of Hepatitis B

Involves detecting HBsAg and anti-HBc IgM, indicating an acute infection.

Clinical manifestations of Hepatitis A

Symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice; can range from mild to severe.