GEN 006 (M1 - M5)

Ethics

• A branch of philosophy that studies morality and determines what is right and wrong

• It is systematic, rational, and theoretical

Ethics

systematic, theoretical, philosophical

Morality

• Refers to a person's or society's beliefs, values, and practices regarding right and wrong

• It is practical, personal, and shaped by culture

Morality

actual beliefs and practices, practical, personal/cultural

Moral Principles

fundamental beliefs about right and wrong

Ethical Decision-Making

applying moral principles in making choices

Professional Ethics

ethical standards governing a profession

Ethical Theories

Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics

Human Dignity

Every person has intrinsic worth and deserves respect, regardless of age, status, wealth, or ability.

Human Nature

Consists of body, senses, intellect, and free will

Biological

growth, nutrition, reproduction

Psychological

emotions, feelings, memory

Rational

intellect and will

Man as a Person

• From prosopon/prosophon (Greek) and personare (Latin), meaning “mask

• ”Beneath the "mask" is human nature, the principle of human activity.

Moral Being

Has the ability to distinguish right from wrong and is responsible for moral choices.

Moral Character

• Refers to the habit of choosing what is good through reason and free will.

• It is developed through consistent practice of virtues such as honesty, respect, responsibility, fairness, and integrity

Human Acts

actions performed with knowledge, freedom, and voluntariness

Human Acts

these involve moral responsibility

Acts of Human

Actions that happen naturally or automatically without deliberate choice.

Acts of Human

• Breathing

• Sneezing

• Blinking

• Reflex actions

• Epileptic seizures

Are example of?

Interior Acts

These are actions that occur internal within an, individual such as, thoughts, desires, and intentions.

Exterior Acts

This are actions that manifest externally through bodily movements or behavior

Good Acts

Actions that are morally upright and aligned with virtues such as kindness, honesty, and justice.

Bad Acts

Actions that are morally wrong or harmful, such as,lying, stealing, or causing harm to others.

Indifferent Acts

Actions that are morally neutral and do not carry intrinsic moral significance, like choosing what to wear or it.

Object

the specific action or behavior performed

Intention

the purpose, motive, or reason for performing the action.

Circumstances

conditions surrounding the act that may increase or lessen responsibility

Freedom

the ability to choose and act voluntarily without undue coercion

Responsibility

the obligation to accept the consequences of one's freely chosen actions

Moral Accountability

Refers to the ethical obligation individuals have to accept responsibility for their actions, choices, and their consequences within the framework of moral principles and standards. It encompasses the idea that individuals are morally responsible for the outcome of their behavior and decision whether those outcome or positive or negative.

Modifiers of Human Acts

Also known as factors influencing moral responsibility are various circumstances or conditions that can affect the moral evaluation of an action.

Ignorance

Refers to a lack of knowledge for awareness regarding the moral implication of an action

Invincible

Unintentional and beyond one's control

Vincible

Resulting from negligence or willful ignorance

Passions

Are strong emotions or desires that can influence decision making and behavior

Fear

can compel individuals to act in a ways that they might not otherwise choose, as they seek to avoid perceived threats or harms

Violence

Refers to the use of force or coercion to achieve an end.

Habit

Refers to ingrained patterns/repeated actions that have become automatic or reflexive over time