Lecture Exam 2 - High Yield Exam Qs

Which lymphoid organ monitors blood, not lymph?

Spleen

Type II alveolar cells primarily function to:

• Produce surfactant

Which region of the respiratory tract is lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

Oropharynx

During inspiration, which event directly increases lung volume?

A. Contraction of internal intercostals
B. Relaxation of diaphragm
C. Contraction of diaphragm
D. Elastic recoil of lung tissue

C — Contraction of diaphragm

Which lymphoid organ is essential for T‑cell maturation during childhood?

Thmus

Which immune cell is the MOST active phagocyte in innate immunity?

Neutrophils

Which respiratory structure is the first location where gas exchange begins?

Respiratory bronchioles

Which lymphoid tissue is found in the lamina propria and constantly exposed to pathogens?

MALT

Which immune cell activates BOTH B cells and cytotoxic T cells?

Helper T Cell

Which respiratory structure has C‑shaped hyaline cartilage rings?

Trahcea

Which event occurs during normal passive expiration?

D. Contraction of abdominal muscles

Which lymphoid organ contains red pulp & white pulp?

Spleen

Which immune cell is responsible for directly killing virus‑infected or cancerous cells?

Cytotoxic T Cell

Which respiratory structure is MOST likely to trap large particles due to its stratified squamous epithelium?

Oropharynx

Which event occurs during forceful expiration?

A. Contraction of external intercostals
B. Relaxation of diaphragm
C. Contraction of internal intercostals
D. Elastic recoil only

Contraction of internal intercostals

Which immune protein forms the MAC (membrane attack complex)?

Complement proteins

Which respiratory structure is MOST likely to trigger a cough reflex when irritated?

Carina

During inspiration, which pleural layer is directly pulled outward by the thoracic cavity?

Parietal pleura

Which lymphatic vessel collects lymph from the intestinal and lumbar trunks?

Cisterna chyli

Which type of immunity responds the same way every time?

Innate Immunity

Which lymphatic vessels bring lymph into a lymph node?

Afferent lymphatic vessels

(Trick to remember afferent v.s. efferent → “a” means “to” in Spanish/French, afferent vessels are going into node or delivering lymph to node)

What is found in the germinal centers of lymph nodes?

Proliferating B Cells

Which cells present antigens to activate T cells?

Dendritic cells

Which lymphatic trunk drains the upper limbs, breasts, and superficial thoracic wall?

Subclavian trunk

Which immune cells produce antibodies?

Plasma cells

What type of antigen becomes immunogenic only when attached to a protein carrier?

Hapten

Which lymphoid structure traps bacteria in crypts?

Tonsils

Which cells destroy defective erythrocytes in the spleen’s red pulp?

Macrophages

Disease causing agents that invade the human body are called…

pathogens

The functions of the lymphatic system DO NOT include:

a) returning interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.

b) protecting the body against infection.

c) transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle.

d) transporting the products of lipid digestion from the intestine 

c) transporting hormones to intestinal smooth muscle.

 The thoracic duct receives lymph from the following structures EXCEPT:

a) right arm

b) left arm

c) right leg

d) left leg

a) right arm

4. What best describes lymphatic capillaries?

a) Impermeable to tissue fluid

b) form a circuit to and from heart

c) transport erythrocytes

d) have valve-like flaps and are extremely permeable to tissue fluid

d) have valve-like flaps and are extremely permeable to tissue fluid

5.What is the main role of macrophages in lymphatic tissues?

a) phagocytosis

b) structure and support

c) produce  collagen fibers

d) release cytotoxic granules

phagocytosis

Where are pathogens filtered from the lymph?

Lymph nodes

Which vessels drains lymph into a lymph node?

Afferent lymphatic vessels

True or False: Pessure from muscular contraction can assist in squeezing lymphatic fluid in lymph.

True

True or false: The solid-like structure formed by loose connective tissues in the lymphatic system are called Reticular tissues

False

Cisterna chyli is an enlarged lymphatic vessel located anterior to the ______________.

Cisterna chyli is an enlarged lymphatic vessel located anterior to the lumbar vetebrae.