Chapter 9 Basic Radiation Protection and Radiobiology

Whats Ionization ?

Gain or loss of electron.

Defintion of ALARA ?

Mnemonic meaning to keep all radiation exposure as low as reasonably achievable.

Definition Compton Scattering ?

Interaction with matter in which a higher energy photon strikes a loosely bound outer electron, removing it from its shell, and the remaining energy is released as a scattered photon.

Defenition Radiation ?

Forms of energy emitted and transferred through matter”

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Definition of KeV(Kiloelectron Volts)

Units of energy equal to 1000 electron volts”

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Definition X-rays ?

Form of electromagnetic radiation traveling at the speed of light, possessing the ability to penetrate matter.

What are the two sources of Ionizing Radiation ?

Natural and Man Made.

What is natural ionizing radiation?

Happen spontaneously in nature and are not affected by human activity.

What are some examples of Natural Ionizing Radiation ?

Cosmic Radiation from the sun, uranium and radium.

What are man made Radiation ?

x-rays, is a from of electromagnetic radiation that travels at the speed of light.

What are the 3 steps for x-rays to be produce ?

A source of electrons, a means to accelerate the electrons and something to rapidly stop this movement.

What are the possible three things that happen once x-rays strike matter ?

They can be absorbed, they can transfer some energy and then scatter or they can pass through unaffected.

What are the 5 ways x-rays interact with matter.

Classic coherent scattering, photoelectric interaction, compton scattering, pair producation and photo disintegration.

Tungsten

high atomic number and heat resistant.

Definition of Heterogenous ?

more than 1 energy.

Filtration

Weak electron more damaging interact but wont pass through.

Definition of Classic Coherent Scattering ?

Classic coherent scattering occurs when an incoming x-ray photon strikes an atom and is absorbed, causing the atom to become excited. The atom then releases the excess energy in the form of another x-ray photon possessing the same energy as the original photon, but proceeding in a different direction.

what are 3 General Interactions of x-ray and patient ?

No Interaction, Compete absorption and Partial absorption w/ scatter.

Photoelectric absorption ?

Where patient get there dose and the lead aprons to.“occurs when an incoming x-ray photon strikes an inner shell electron and ejects it from its orbit around the nucleus of the atom, creating an ion pair. The atom, having lost an electron, is positively charged, and the released electron, referred to as the photoelectron, continues to travel until it combines with other matter.

Whats the major difference between Photoelectron and …?

uses x-ray photons instead of electrons.

defintion of Compton scattering ?

Occurs when an incoming x-ray photon strikes a target atom and uses a portion of its energy to eject an outer shell electron. The remainder of the photon’s energy proceeds in a direction different from that of the incoming photon.

defintion of photoelectric interaction ?

Defintion of pair production ?

Defintion of photo disintegration ?

Quantity

SI unit

Exposure (X)

Coulombs per kilogram(C/kg)

Air Kerma

Gray(Gy)

Absorbed Dose (D) (Efd)

Gray(Gr)

Effective Dose(EfD)

Sievert (Sv)

Dose Equivalent (EqD)

Sievert(Sv)

Radioactivity

Becquerel