medical triads and syndromes

Beck’s Triad

(Cardiac Tamponade) Hypotension, JVD, Muffled heart sounds

Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia, Ataxia

Charcot’s Triad

(Cholangitis) Fever, Jaundice, RUQ pain

Reynold’s Pentad

Charcot’s Triad + Shock & Altered Mental Status

Migraine

Aura, Unilateral Headache, Nausea/Vomiting

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

Dementia, Gait disturbance, Urinary incontinence

Myasthenia Gravis

Muscle Fatigue, Ptosis, Diplopia

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Ascending paralysis, Areflexia, Elevated CSF protein

Nephritic Syndrome

Hematuria, Hypertension, Oliguria

Nephrotic Syndrome

Proteinuria, Edema, Hypoalbuminemia

Hyperthyroidism

Heat intolerance, weight loss, palpitations

Hypothyroidism

Weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance

Pheochromocytoma

Headache, Palpitations, Sweating

Cushing’s Syndrome

Moon face, Buffalo hump, Purple striae

Addison’s disease

Hypotension, Hyperpigmentation, Hyponatremia

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Acidosis, Hyperglycemia, Ketosis

Hypercalcemia

Bone pain, Renal stones, Abdominal/psych symptoms

Hypocalcemia

Tetany, Chvostek sign (facial), Trousseau sign (upper extremity)

Aortic Stenosis

Angina, Syncope, Dyspnea

Left Heart Failure

Dyspnea, Orthopnea, Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

Right Heart Failure

Edema, JVD, Hepatomegaly

COPD

Cough, Sputum, Dyspnea

Asthma

Wheeze, Dyspnea, Cough

Pneumonia

Fever, Cough, Consolidation

Pericarditis

Pleuritic pain, pericardial rub, diffuse ST elevation

Parkinson’s disease

Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia

TIA

Focal deficit, no infarct, resolution <24 hours

SAH

Thunderclap headache, neck stiffness, vomiting

Bacterial Meningitis

Fever, Neck stiffness, AMS

Pulmonary Embolism

Dyspnea, Chest pain, Tachycardia

Horner’s Syndrome

Ptosis, Miosis, Anhidrosis

Cushing’s Triad

Hypertension, Bradycardia, Irregular respirations

Hyperkalemia ECG

Tall T-waves, wide QRS, sine wave

Hypokalemia ECG

U waves, ST depression, flat T waves

Cardiac Arrest

Apnea, Pulselessness, Unresponsiveness

Raised ICP

Morning headache, vomiting, papilledema

Acute Pancreatitis

Epigastric pain, high enzymes, pain to back

Hypoglycemia

Sweating, Confusion, Tachycardia

Virchow’s Triad

Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Endothelial injury

Whipple’s Triad

Hypoglycemia, Symptoms?, relief with glucose

Appendicitis

RLQ pain, Vomiting, Fever

Dieulafoy’s Triad

McBurney tenderness, Hyperesthesia, Guarding

Burroughs’ Triad

Abdominal pain, Tachycardia, Leukocytosis

Saint’s Triad

Hiatus hernia, Gallstones, Diverticulosis

Gradenigo’s Triad

VI nerve palsy, Facial/ear pain, otorrhea

Meniere’s Disease

Vertigo, Hearing loss, Tinnitus

Samter’s Triad

Asthma, Nasal polyps, Aspirin intolerance

Hutchinson’s Triad

Hutchinson teeth, Keratitis, Deafness

Vogt’s Triad

Fleischer ring, Vogt striae, Munson sign

Reactive Arthritis

Arthritis, Urethritis, Conjunctivitis

Kartagener Syndrome

Bronchiectasis, Situs inversus, Sinusitis

WAGR syndrome

Wilms tumor, Aniridia, GU anomality

Congenital Rubella

Cataracts, Deafness, PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

Sheehan Syndrome

Agalactorrhea, Amenorrhea, Hypothyroidism

Pre-eclampsia

Hypertension, Proteinuria, Edema

Ectopic pregnancy

Amenorrhea, abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding

Kawasaki Disease

Fever >5 days, non-purulent conjunctivitis, polymorphous rash

Wilson’s Disease

Neuropsychiatric symptoms, Kayser-Fleischer rings, Cirrhosis

Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome

Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

Purpura, Arthralgia, Abdominal pain, Renal involvement

Intussusception

Colicky pain, currant jelly stool, palpable mass

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Irritability/tremor, high-pitched cry, poor feeding

Testicular Torsion

Sudden testicular pain, swelling, absent cremasteric reflex

Atopic Triad

Atopic dermatitis, Allergic rhinitis, Asthma

Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

Macrosomia, Macroglossia, Omphalocele

Tetralogy of Fallot

Cyanosis, Systolic murmur, Clubbing