BI-124L Exercise 1

flashcards made from the manual reading & exercise sheet of exercise 1

Anatomical position

Body is erect, feet slightly apart, head and toes pointed forward, arms hanging at the sides, and palms facing forward

Left and right in anatomical position

Left and right refer to the individual's sides, not the observer's

Axial region

Includes the head, neck, and trunk and runs along the vertical axis of the body

Appendicular region

Includes the limbs, also called appendages or extremities

Abdominal region

Located below the ribs and above the hips

Acromial region

Point of the shoulder

Antebrachial region

Forearm

Antecubital region

Anterior surface of the elbow

Axillary region

Armpit

Brachial region

Arm or upper portion of the upper limb

Buccal region

Cheek

Calcaneal region

Heel of the foot

Carpal region

Wrist

Cephalic region

Head

Cervical region

Neck

Coxal region

Hip

Crural region

Leg

Digital region

Fingers or toes

Femoral region

Thigh

Fibular or peroneal region

Side of the leg

Frontal region

Forehead

Gluteal region

Buttocks

Hallux

Great toe

Inguinal region

Groin

Lumbar region

Lower back

Mammary region

Breast

Manus

Hand

Mental region

Chin

Nasal region

Nose

Occipital region

Back of the head

Olecranal region

Back of the elbow

Oral region

Mouth

Orbital region

Bony eye socket

Otic region

Ear

Palmar region

Palm of the hand

Patellar region

Kneecap

Pedal region

Foot

Pelvic region

Pelvis

Perineal region

Between the anus and the external genitalia

Plantar region

Sole of the foot

Pollex

Thumb

Popliteal region

Back of the knee

Pubic region

Genital region

Sacral region

Posterior region between the hip bones

Scapular region

Shoulder blade

Sternal region

Breastbone

Sural region

Calf

Tarsal region

Ankle

Thoracic region

Chest

Umbilical region

Navel

Vertebral region

Spine

Superior

Above; toward the head end of the body

Inferior

Below; away from the head end of the body

Anterior

Toward the front of the body

Posterior

Toward the backside of the body

Medial

Toward the midline or median plane

Lateral

Away from the midline or median plane

Cephalad or cranial

Toward the head; in humans, interchangeable with superior

Caudal

Toward the tail; in humans, interchangeable with inferior

Ventral

Belly side; in humans, interchangeable with anterior

Dorsal

Backside; in humans, interchangeable with posterior

Proximal

Nearer the trunk or attached end

Distal

Farther from the trunk or point of attachment

Superficial or external

Toward or at the body surface

Deep or internal

Away from the body surface

The nose is ___ to the mouth

Superior

The abdomen is ___ to the chest

Inferior

The spine is ___ to the heart

Posterior

The sternum is ___ to the ribs

Medial

The ear is ___ to the nose

Lateral

The fingers are ___ to the elbow

Distal

The knee is ___ to the toes

Proximal

The skin is ___ to the skeletal muscles

Superficial

The lungs are ___ to the rib cage

Deep

The popliteal region is anterior or posterior?

Posterior

The acromial region is medial or lateral to the otic region?

Lateral

The femoral region is proximal or distal to the tarsal region?

Proximal

The bones are superficial or deep to the skin?

Deep

Plane

An imaginary surface or line along which a section or cut is made

Section

A cut made through the body wall or an organ along a plane

Sagittal plane

Runs longitudinally and divides the body into right and left parts

Median or midsagittal plane

A sagittal plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves

Frontal or coronal plane

A longitudinal plane that divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse plane

Runs horizontally and divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Cross section

A section made along the transverse plane

Longitudinal section abbreviation

l.s

Cross section abbreviations

x.s. or c.s

Dorsal body cavity

Large posterior body cavity containing the cranial and vertebral cavities

Cranial cavity

Lies within the skull and contains the brain

Vertebral or spinal cavity

Runs through the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord

Ventral body cavity

Large anterior body cavity containing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Thoracic cavity

Superior portion of the ventral body cavity containing the heart and lungs

Diaphragm

Dome-shaped muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Ventral cavity inferior to the diaphragm

Abdominal cavity

Superior part of the abdominopelvic cavity; contains the stomach, intestines, liver, and other organs

Pelvic cavity

Inferior part of the abdominopelvic cavity; partially enclosed by the bony pelvis and contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum

Mediastinum

Central region of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; includes the pericardial cavity containing the heart

Serosa or serous membrane

Very thin, double-layered membrane covering the walls of the ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of its organs

Parietal serosa

Layer of the serous membrane lining the cavity walls

Visceral serosa

Layer of the serous membrane covering the external surface of an organ