AP World Unit 1 & 2 TERMS Strayer

1. Study Strayer HW notes 2. Finish progress checks 3. Look through golden age presentations 4. What countries had what items and technology? 5. Topic review

Define: Neo-Confucianism

An effort to revive Confucian thinking while incorporating some Buddhism and Daoism insights

Significance of Neo-Confucianism

Renewal of unity in China (Song Dynasty) —> “Golden Age”

Define: Censorate

An agency that exercised surveillance over the rest of the government, checked character and competence of public officials

Significance of Censorate

Made a stronger government that endured for a thousand years

Define: Hangzhou

Song Dynasty Capital

Significance of Hangzhou

Described by Marco Polo as “beyond dispute the finest and noblest city in the world”

Define: Foot Binding

The tight wrapping of young girls feet, usually breaking the bones, showing how frail and weak they are.

Significance of Foot Binding

A demonstration of the the treatment of women and unequal footing between genders (literally haha)

Define: “Middle Kingdom”

Basically China’s belief that they were the center of the world

Significance of “Middle Kingdom”

It shows China’s superiority complex, leading to the tribute system

Define: Kowtow

A series of ritual bowing & prostrations

Significance of Kowtow

Part of the tribute system that foreigners had to preform in order to access China

Define: Xiongnu

An early nomadic confederacy

Significance of Xiongnu

This group raided Northern China so much that the Chinese Emperor was forced to recognize the nomadic state as a equal

Define: Sultanate of Delhi

Muslim Dynasties that ruled Northern india as Dehli Sultanate

Significance of Sultanate of Delhi

Turkic rule became more systematic

Define: Sufi

An holy member of the islamic faith

Significance of Sufi

Helped popularize Islam in India by developing it into a religion that suited Hinduism ideals

Define: Kabir

A mystic indian poet in the fifteenth-century

Significance of Kabir

Extremely influential, stated that god was neither found in a temple nor a mosque, but within your heart.

Define: Sikhism

A religious tradition that blended elements from Islam with Hindu concepts Ex. devotion to one god & karma and rebirth

Significance of Sikhism

Distinct religion in the 16th century that unified Muslims and Hindus, “All are children of God”

Define: Timbuktu

A city in Mali, West Africa

Significance of Timbuktu

Boasted more than 150 lower-level Quranic schools and several major centers of higher education

Define: Mexica

a semi nomadic group from Mexico who had migrated southward, settling on a island called Texcoco 

Significance of Mexica

The Aztecs origin

Define: (Aztec) Triple Alliance

Alliance between the city states Tenochtitlan, Texcoco & Tlacopan

Significance of Triple Alliance

Military conquest that formed the Aztec Empire

Define: Tenochtitlan

Capital city of Texcoco

Significance of Tenochtitlan

Demonstrates the Aztecs progress as a society (through building connections and stuff) to finally be able to build their own capital

Definition: Chinampas

artificial islands created from Swamplands

Significance of Chinampas

a creative solution that made agriculture highly productive for the Aztecs

Definition: Huitzilopochtli

A Aztec patron deity that identified with the sun

Significance of Huitzilopochtli

According to the Aztecs, Huitzilopochtli would loose energy as the day of battle approached and needed human blood to replenish its energy.  Resulted in death before the battle even began.

Define: Quechua

a indigenous group in the Andes region

Significance of Quechua

Inca spoke their language

Define: Gender Parallelism

The idea that Men & Women, equal in effect, but different in tasks. Ex. Man goes to war and woman give birth, different tasks but in their eyes, equal in difficality 

Significance of Gender Parallelism

Historians categorize societal roles of Inca and Aztec into it

Define: Yuan Dynasty

A period of time where the mongols ruled China

Significance of Yuan Dynasty

Revitalization of the Silk Road and trade through Pax Mongolica, changed the outsides world use of technology 

Define: Khubilai Khan

A Mongol ruler who ruled China during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1294)

Significance of Khubilai Khan

Many of his policies evoked values of a Chinese emperor and retained Mongol tradition of heavily relying on female advisors, specifically his wife Chabi.

Define: Hulegu

The grandson of Chinggis Khan, the first il-khan of Persia

Significance of Hulegu

He led the second assault on Persia, first assault was led by Chinggis Khan

Define: Khutulun

A female warrior noblewoman, well known for not following the typical secluded suburban wife life.

Significance of Khutulan

She reflects the freedom and influence of Mongol Women, especially in the elite class

Definition of Kipchak Khanate or Golden Horde

A Mongol successor state that controlled over part of Southern Russia

Significance of Kipchak Khanate

An integral part of the Mongol empire before its independence 

Define: Monsoon winds

Alternating winds that blew predictably eastward during the summer and westward during the winter months

Significance of Monsoon winds

utilized by Chinese, Malays, Indians & Arabs to travel the sea with “guided” ease

Define: Swahili language

A language that contains African Grammar but is written in Arabic and contained a number of Arabic loan words

Significance of Swahili language

It is still utilized today

Define: Great Zimbabwe

A powerful state in Africa 

Significance of Great Zimbabwe

It connected the gold trade to the coast

Definition of Jenne-Jeno

A ancient West African City that flourished from 250 BCE to 11th century CE

Significance of Jenne-Jo

A major urban center in the Niger River floodplain, a significant regional trading hub, and an important site for agricultural innovation and ironworking

Define: Camel Caravans

A group of camels traveling together that transport something

Significance of Camel Caravans

Made transporting goods across the Trans-Saharan trade route much easier