CH 12 - Musculoskeletal Surgical Interventions & Post-Operative Management Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering preoperative management, phases of postoperative rehabilitation, DVT/PE complications, and common orthopedic surgical interventions.

Prehabilitation

An extended preoperative exercise and education program designed to optimize a patient's functional status, improve post-op exercise adherence, and lower the likelihood of functional deficits.

Maximum Protection Phase

Initial postoperative rehabilitation stage lasting from a few days to 6 weeks, emphasizing protection of operated tissues, pain control, early protected ROM, and low-force muscle setting.

Moderate Protection Phase

Postoperative stage typically starting 4 to 6 weeks post-op and lasting 4 to 6 weeks, focused on restoring ROM, arthrokinematics, scar mobility, dynamic stability, and muscle strength once inflammation subsides.

Minimum Protection Phase

Postoperative stage occurring 6 to 12 weeks post-op up to 6 months or beyond, emphasizing restoration of functional strength, dynamic stability, dynamic neuromuscular control, and specific motor skills.

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

The formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly occurring in the lower extremities following major joint replacement surgery or prolonged immobilization.

Wells Criteria

A clinical prediction tool used to assess the probability of DVT, where a score of 2 or higher indicates that a DVT is likely.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

A life-threatening complication arising when a venous blood clot detaches and travels to the lungs, presenting with sudden shortness of breath, rapid breathing, and chest pain.

Autograft

A tissue graft harvested from donor tissue taken directly from the patient's own body, such as using the patellar tendon for ACL reconstruction.

Allograft

A tissue graft harvested from a cadaveric donor, used when autograft options are unavailable or unsuitable.

Synthetic Graft

An artificial tissue graft material (such as Gore-Tex® or Dacron) that carries high failure rates and potential for chronic synovitis.

Muscle Repair

Surgical suturing of severe muscle tears or ruptures, typically delayed 48 to 72 hours post-injury and requiring immobilization in a shortened position.

Tendon Repair

Surgical procedure performed within a few days of complete tendon laceration or rupture, requiring longer postoperative immobilization due to poor vascular supply.

Capsulorrhaphy

A surgical procedure to reduce joint volume and tighten the joint capsule to restore stability following recurrent subluxation or dislocation.

Tendon Transfer

A surgical procedure that alters the line of pull and action of a muscle-tendon unit to improve joint stability, functional alignment, or prevent progressive deformity.

Fasciotomy

A soft tissue release or decompression procedure involving the incision or sectioning of fascia to relieve pain, restore ROM, or manage compartment syndrome.

Synovectomy

The surgical removal of an inflamed synovial lining from a joint, commonly performed in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Microfracture

An articular cartilage repair technique that involves creating small perforations in subchondral bone to stimulate fibrocartilage ingrowth into small defects.

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation (ACI)

A two-stage articular cartilage procedure involving the harvesting and culturing of patient chondrocytes prior to injecting them under a patch into the cartilage defect to generate hyaline-like tissue.

Excision Arthroplasty

A surgical procedure involving the resection of periarticular bone, allowing the resulting joint space to fill with fibrous scar tissue.

Interposition Arthroplasty

A biologic resurfacing procedure where biological tissue or synthetic material is placed between articulating joint surfaces in young patients with severe deterioration.

Arthrodesis

Surgical fusion of joint surfaces in optimal functional positions, indicated for severe pain or joint instability where mobility is less essential.

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)

A surgical procedure to align and stabilize complex bone fractures using internal hardware such as plates, screws, or rods.

Osteotomy

Surgical cutting and realigning of bone to alter weight-bearing alignment, correct structural deformities, and reduce localized joint pain.