Exam Bio 1

What is the study of body structures called?

Anatomy

What is the study of how the body functions?

Physiology

What term describes keeping a stable internal environment?

Homeostasis

What is Gross Anatomy?

The study of structures visible to the naked eye.

What is Microscopic Anatomy?

The study of structures that require a microscope.

What is Developmental Anatomy?

The study of changes in structure from conception to adulthood.

What is Cellular Physiology?

The study of physiological processes within cells.

What is Systemic Physiology?

The study of the functions of specific organ systems.

What does Pathophysiology study?

The effects of diseases on organ systems.

What are the levels of organization in the body from least to most complex?

Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal.

What are the 11 systems of the body?

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive.

What is a Negative Feedback Loop?

A mechanism that counteracts a change to bring the system back to its set point.

What is a Positive Feedback Loop?

A mechanism that enhances or intensifies a change.

What are Regional Names in anatomical terminology?

Terms describing specific areas of the body.

What does the term Superior mean?

Above or closer to the head.

What does the term Inferior mean?

Below or farther from the head.

What is the Sagittal Plane?

Divides the body into right and left.

What is contained within the Dorsal Cavity?

Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity.

What are Peritoneal Organs?

Organs located within the abdominal cavity.

What is a Cation?

A positively charged ion.

What is an Anion?

A negatively charged ion.

What are the main differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine; RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.

What are the five nitrogenous bases?

Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Thymine (T), Uracil (U).

What is the definition of a Buffer?

A solution that resists changes in pH when acids or bases are added.

What is the pH scale used for?

It measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

What is the function of Enzymes?

They catalyze biochemical reactions.

What are Monosaccharides?

Simple sugars such as glucose and fructose.

What are Disaccharides?

Composed of two monosaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose.

What are the types of Lipids?

Fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids.