Method for Collecting Data

Observation

Can be in a lab or natural environment.

Survey and interview

Collect self-reported data directly from people (opinions, attitudes, behaviors).

Standardized tests

Tests used to compare individual performance across a population

Case Study

In depth look into a single individual

Physiological Measure

Data from the body: X-ray, scan, heart rate, eye movement, genes

Descriptive Research

Observes and records behavior without manipulation

Correlation research

Describes the strength of relationships between two or more events. Can predict how people behave.

Experimental Research

The only design that shows causality. Involves experimental group, independent, dependent, and control variables.

Cross-sectional research

Simultaneously compares individuals of different ages.

Longitudinal

The same individuals are studied over a period of time. Very expensive.