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Prehistory
the time period before written records
Anthropology
the study of humans and their development, including human culture and human behavior
Hominid
early relatives to modern-day humans
Ancestor
relatives or family members who lived in the past
Australopithecus
"southern ape" and believed to be one of the first hominids capable of walking on two feet
Homo habilis
"handy man" and believed to be one of the first hominids to create stone tools
Homo erectus
"upright man" and believed to be the first hominid to walk on two feet full time, learn to control fire, and migrate outside of Africa
Homo sapiens
"wise man" and the group including modern-day humans, which is believed to be the first hominid to develop language
Neanderthals
the closest extinct hominid to humans who lived across Europe and central Asia, and believed to be the first hominid to bury their dead
Lucy
Australopithecus whose remains are more than 3 million years old
Otzi the Iceman
Homo sapiens from the Stone Ages who was discovered frozen in a glacier and is one of the oldest mummies in human history
Technology
the application of science and engineering to create tools that improve quality of life
Tool
a handheld object that is designed to help complete a specific task
Stone Ages
period of time where humans invented and primarily used stone tools
Paleolithic Era
Old Stone Age, which occurred circa 2.6 million years-10,000 years ago
Neolithic Era
New Stone Age, which occurred circa 10,000 years ago and is most associated with the shift from hunting and gathering to agriculture
Society
a group of people living together within a community
Hunter-Gatherers
people who hunt animals and gather wild plants to acquire food
Nomads
people without a permanent home, either individually or as a community, who move from place to place
Migration
movement from one location to another, in order to establish a new permanent settlement
Population
the total number of people within a specific area, such as a city, state, or country
Ice Ages
time periods with consistently freezing temperatures throughout the world
Glacier
a large mass of ice that covers a section of land
Bering Strait
a narrow passage of water located between Russia and Alaska, where it is believed that humans crossed a frozen land bridge from Asia to North America during the Ice Ages
Domestication
planting foods and breeding animals that are useful for humans
Agriculture
the process of farming
Agricultural Revolution
the large-scale shift from hunting/gathering to farming, which allowed humans to produce large quantities of food
Jericho
prehistoric and current city near the Jordan River and Dead Sea, with its famous wall surrounding the area
Catal Huyuk
prehistoric city located in modern-day Turkey, which is famous for its art and religious practices
Stonehenge
a prehistoric monument in England, with purposes that are still unclear to historians today
