APUSH: Period 1

1491-1607

Where did the first migrants to America come from? How did they get there?

Asia; land bridge (Bering Strait)

Who came after the land bridge was submerged? How did they get there?

ancestors of Navajos and Apaches came by water

Who came in the third wave?

Aleut and Inuit peoples (Eskimos)

Where were the densest populations found when Europeans arrived?

central Mexico and Andes Mountains (mesoamerica)

Where did the North American migrants shift?

across Rockies into Mississippi Valley (eastward)

What did the people of Mesoamerica cultivate?

maize

What did the people of the Andes in Peru cultivate?

potatoes

Capital of the Aztec civilization?

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Incan civilization?

Cuzco

Did the Mayans have a capital?

no; not considered an empire

What was the purpose of the mounds built by the Cahokia peoples?

burials and foundations of ceremonial buildings

What made the people of the Great Lakes especially mobile?

rivers and lakes made travel easy

What European import transformed the geopolitics of the Great Plains?

horse

How did Anasazi and Pueblo settlements thrive despite the harsh climate?

irrigation systems and villages built against mountains

What feature of Pacific Northwest civilizations allowed many families to live together?

longhouses

In what system does property, power, and social status come from the male line?

patriarchy

What did institutions such as the nobility, churches, and villages provide in a volatile world?

stability

What was the most common European social class?

peasants

What religion was the great unifying institution prior to the protestant reformation?

the catholic church

What crop did Europe introduce that was later grown on plantations?

sugar

Who began the Protestant Reformation with the 95 Theses?

Martin Luther

Which country was the initial leader of exploration because of Prince Henry?

Portugal

Why did Italian traders join Prince Henry’s efforts?

to find and alternative trade route through the Atlantic

Which country was the first to be involved in the African slave trade?

Portugal

Who financed Columbus’s voyages?

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

Where did Columbus think he had arrived?

West Indies

Who is America named after?

Amerigo Vespucci

Which treaty split the Americas between Spain and Portugal?

Treaty of Tordesillas

In the Treaty of Tordesillas, which country had the advantage?

Spain

Who led the expedition to Florida?

Ponce de Leon

Who led the expedition to Panama/Pacific?

Balboa

Who led the Aztec conquest?

Hernando Cortes

Who led the Incan conquest?

Francisco Pizzaro

Besides war, what contributed to the high death rate native Americans?

disease (brought from Europe)

What was the reward for conquest that allowed Spanish conquistadors to collect tribute of goods and labor?

encomiendas

Which system, created from racial mixing, legally defined and gave different rights to racial groups?

casta system

Who split from the Catholic Church to divorce his wife?

King Henry VIII

Who disrupted Spanish control of the Americas and circumnavigated the globe?

Sir Francis Drake

What was the Spanish Armada?

undefeated Spanish naval fleet until failure to conquer England and Holland

What idea used by Elizabeth I used state assisted manufacturing and trade to increase exports, thus increasing state wealth and power?

mercantilism