Cellular Formation

Unit 1 A+P

Plasma Membrane

defines cell boundaries

Intercellular Fluid(ICF)

Fluid inside the cell

Extracellular Fluid(ECF)

fluid outside the cell

Phospholipids

Heads - toward the liquid(hydrophyllic)

Tails - away from fluid(Hydrophobic)

Cholesterol

holds phospholipids still

Transmembrane proteins

pass completely through membrane

Peripheral Proteins

adhere to one face of the membrane

Receptor

proteins that bind chemical messengers

Enzyme

breaks down chemical messenger and terminates its effect

Channel

constantly open that allow solutes to pass into and out of the cell

Gated Channel

a gate that opens and closes to allow solutes through

Cell-Identity Maker

a glycoproetin acting as a cell identity maker distinguishing the bodys own cells from foreign ones

Cell adhension

binds to another cell

Microvilli

extensions that increase surface area(absorption)

Cilia

helps with balance is ear and detection in retina

Plasma Membrane

Selectively permeable membrane

Passive transport

no ATP(Filtration and Diffusion)

Active Transport

Requires ATP(transport, vesicular)

Carrier-mediated mechanism

use a membrane protein to transport substrates across membrane

Simple diffusion

down concentration gradient (high to low)

Osmosis

water moves from lower concentration to high concentration

Aquaporins

channel proteins in membrane specialized for water passages

Hydrostatic Pressure

Net force of molecules / surface area of vessels

Osmolarity

Osmotic concentration; quality of nonpermeating solutes per liter of solution

Tonicity

ability of a surrounding solution to affect fluid volume and pressure in a cell

Isotonic Solution

Causes no change in cell volume

Hypotonic Solution

causes cell to absorb water (swell)

Hypertonic Solution

Causes cell to loose water (shrivel)

Organelles

allow for compartmentazation

Cytoskeleton

Network of protein filaments that provide structural support

Nucleus

contains genetic material

Endoplasmic reticulum

Network of interconnected membrane channels called cisterns

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

parallel, flattened sac covered ribosomes

Produces: phospholipids and proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Tubular ER lacking ribosomes

Synthesizes steroids and other lipids; Calcium Storage

Ribosomes

Small granules of protein and RNA

Synthesizing proteins for immediate cell use

Golgi Complex

Synthesizes carbohydrates and modifies newly synthesized proteins from RER

Packages products into membrane-bound Golgi Vesicles

Lysosomes

contain powerful digestive enzymes and highly acidic

Digest large molecules; recycle cellular resources

Perioxisomes

Specialize in lipid digestion; produce hydrogen peroxide

Vacuoles

Store materials that occur in excess (fat cells)

Mitochondria

synthesizes ATP

Cristae - Inner membrane with folds

Matrix - space in between cristae

Centrioles

Short microtubules

important role in cell division