geo key terminology

Birth Rate

Number of babies born each year for every 1000 people in a country.

Death Rate

Number of deaths each year for every 1000 people in a country.

Fertility Rate

The average number of children per woman of child bearing age (usually ages 15-49) during her lifetime.

Gross Domestic Product

The sum total of the value of all goods and services produced within a country in a year.

Human Development Index

An indicator of the level of development for each country, constructed by the United Nations, based on income, literacy, education and life expectancy. It is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

Infant Mortality

Number of deaths of infants (under 1 year of age) per 1000 live births.

Life Expectancy

Average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, economic, and medical conditions.

Literacy Rate

Percentage of people over 15 in a country who can read and write.

Natural Increase

Rise in population because the birth rate is higher than the death rate.

Per Capita Income

Average amount of money earned in a certain year by a person in a country

Gross National Income

Comprehensive measure of a country’s overall economic performance, reflecting the total income earned by a country’s residents and businesses, regardless of whether the activities occur domestically or abroad.

Replacement Rate

Average number of children per woman needed for a generation to replace itself completely without relying on immigration.

Forced Migrants

Those who have been forced into leaving an area against their will, or as a result of life threatening circumstances.

Voluntary Migrants

When a migrant freely has choice as to whether or not they migrate to a particular place.

Enculturation

Is the process by which a person adopts the behaviour patterns of the culture they live in.