cells, organelles and transport

The basic component of the phospholipid membrane is made up of (a) __________.

A. 

Steroids 

B. 

Glycerol backbone and three fatty acid chains

C. 

Saturated triglycerides

D. 

Unsaturated triglycerides

E. 

Phosphate head and two fatty acids

phosphate head and two fatty acids

The phospholipid membrane is __________.

A. 

Amphipathic

B. 

Hydrophobic 

C. 

Hydrophilic

D. 

Triglyceride

E. 

Wax

amphiphilic

The term “amphipathic” regarding the phospholipid bilayer means __________.

A. 

It only has a hydrophobic component

B. 

It only has a hydrophilic component 

C. 

It has both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic component

D. 

It is made up of carotenoids

E. 

It is made up of waxes

it has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components

Which component of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophilic?

A. 

Phosphate head

B. 

Fatty acid tails

C. 

Glycerol backbone

D. 

Carotenoid

E. 

Wax

phosphate head

Which component of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic?

A. 

Wax

B. 

Carotenoid

C. 

Lanolin

D. 

Phosphate head

E. 

Fatty acid tails

fatty acid tails

Which of the following most easily diffuses through the phospholipid bilayer?

A. 

Hydrophilic molecules

B. 

Hydrophobic molecules

C. 

Large polar molecules

D. 

Glucose

E. 

Ions

hydrophobic molecules

Which of the following cannot diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer?

A. 

Steroids

B. 

Carbon dioxide

C. 

Nitrogen

D. 

Calcium

E. 

Oxygen

calcium

Polar molecules pass through the phospholipid membrane if they are __________.

A. 

Large and charged

B. 

Small and charged

C. 

Large and uncharged

D. 

Small and hydrophilic

E. 

Small and uncharged

small and uncharged

What is the function of cholesterol in the animal cell membrane?

A. 

Marker for cell recognition

B. 

Viral defense

C. 

Organizes DNA

D. 

Contains chromatin

E. 

Regulates membrane fluidity

regulates membrane fluidity

The glycocalyx is made up of __________.

A. 

Carbohydrates

B. 

Peptidoglycan

C. 

Lipopolysaccharides

D. 

Bacteria

E. 

Nucleic acids

carbohydrates

The glycocalyx is present outside of some __________.

A. 

Animal and plant cell walls

B. 

Bacterial cell membranes

C. 

Bacterial cell membranes and plant cell walls

D. 

Animal and fungal cell walls

E. 

Animal cell membranes and bacterial cell walls

animal cell membranes and bacteria cell walls

The functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT for one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. 

Cell adhesion

B. 

Cell-to-cell recognition

C. 

Maintenance of blood vessels walls

D. 

Physical protection of the cell from infection

E. 

Structural support of the cell

structural support of the cell

Which of the following are common cell surface markers used regularly for cell-cell recognition?

A. 

Glycoproteins

B. 

Actin

C. 

Glucocorticoids

D. 

Phospholipids

E. 

Steroids

glycoproteins

The animal cell membrane is made up of __________.

A. 

Phospholipid membrane, carotenoids, glycocalyx

B. 

Phospholipid membrane, waxes, sterols

C. 

Phospholipid membrane, cholesterol, membrane proteins

D. 

Phospholipid membrane, sterols, glycocalyx

E. 

Phospholipid membrane, carotenoids, membrane proteins

phospholipid membrane, cholesterol, and membrane proteins

Which of the following is analagous to the role of cholesterol in plant cell membranes?

A. 

Sterols

B. 

Chloroplast

C. 

Peptidoglycan

D. 

Glycocalyx

E. 

Carotenoids 

sterols

Which of the following possess centrioles?

A. 

Plant cells

B. 

Animal Cells

C. 

Bacteria

D. 

Fungi

E. 

Archaea

animal cells

Microtubules are made up of __________.

A. 

Keratin

B. 

Tubulin

C. 

Actin

D. 

Collagen

E. 

Clathrin

tubulin

Microfilaments are made up of __________.

A. 

Keratin

B. 

Tubulin

C. 

Actin

D. 

Collagen

E. 

Intermediate filaments

actin

A transmembrane protein is a type of __________.

A. 

Peripheral protein

B. 

Integral protein

C. 

Glycolipid

D. 

Glycoprotein

E. 

Cholesterol

embedded from one side to the other side of the cell membrane

A transmembrane protein is a type of __________.

A. 

Peripheral protein

B. 

Integral protein

C. 

Glycolipid

D. 

Glycoprotein

E. 

Cholesterol

integral lipid

Which of the following does the cell use to distinguish between self and foreign pathogens?

A. 

Channel proteins

B. 

Glycoproteins

C. 

Porins

D. 

Carrier proteins

E. 

Transport proteins

glycoproteins

Glycoproteins are made of a protein molecule attached to a(n) __________.

A. 

Lipid

B. 

DNA molecule

C. 

Carbohydrate

D. 

Ion

E. 

Water molecule

carbohydrates

Damage to recognition proteins on animal cells will cause which of the following?

A. 

Inability for water to pass through the plasma membrane

B. 

Inability for small ions to pass through the plasma membrane

C. 

Inability to distinguish self and foreign cells

D. 

Inability to adhere to other neighboring cells

E. 

Inability to bind to hormones

inability to distinguish self and foreign cells

Due to this membrane protein, the rate of water movement in the kidney can be increased.

A. 

Cholesterol

B. 

Recognition protein

C. 

Carrier protein

D. 

Transport protein

E. 

Porin

porin

Which of the following changes physical shape after binding to a specific molecule?

A. 

Channel protein

B. 

Carrier protein

C. 

Porin

D. 

Recognition protein

E. 

Adhesion protein

carrier protein

Which of the following attaches cells to neighboring cells and provides stability with internal filaments and tubules?

A. 

Porin

B. 

Channel protein

C. 

Adhesion protein

D. 

Receptor protein

E. 

Recognition protein

adhesion protein

Which of the following serves to bind to hormones and other chemical trigger molecules?

A. 

Porin

B. 

Receptor protein

C. 

Recognition protein

D. 

Channel protein

E. 

Adhesion protein

receptor protein

Which of the following is found both in the kidneys and in plant root cells to facilitate the movement of water through cell membranes?

A. 

Porin

B. 

Sterol

C. 

Cholesterol

D. 

Hopanoids

E. 

Glycocalyx

porin

Transport proteins use which of the following to transport material?

A. 

Active transport

B. 

Passive diffusion

C. 

Facilitated diffusion

D. 

Active transport and facilitated diffusion

E. 

Facilitated and passive diffusion

active transport and facilitated diffusion

Which of the following may require ATP to function?

A. 

Facilitated diffusion

B. 

Simple diffusion

C. 

Osmosis

D. 

Carrier proteins

E. 

Porins

carrier proteins

Channel proteins are most likely to be used to transport which of the following substances?

A. 

Nonpolar molecules

B. 

Polar molecules

C. 

Hydrophobic molecules

D. 

Small molecules

E. 

Non-charged molecules

polar molecules

A peripheral protein is attached by __________.

A. 

Loose attachment to the cellular membrane

B. 

Embedded in the cellular membrane

C. 

Embedded from one side to the other side to the cellular membrane

D. 

Not attached to the cellular membrane

E. 

Cooperativity of cellular membrane

loose attachment to the cell membrane

An integral protein is __________.

A. 

Embedded in the cellular membrane

B. 

Embedded in the cell wall

C. 

Loosely attached to the cellular membrane

D. 

Not attached to the cellular membrane

E. 

Cooperativity of the cellular membrane

embedded in the cell membrane

Which of the following is used to store and protect the DNA in the eukaryotic cell?

A. 

Nucleus

B. 

Nucleoid

C. 

Histone

D. 

Nucleolus

E. 

Ribosome

nucleus

Which of the following aids in organizing DNA into chromatin?

A. 

Histones

B. 

Glycocalyx

C. 

RNA

D. 

Ribosomes

E. 

Nucleolus

histones

When DNA is wrapped into a bundle with eight histone proteins, it is a __________.

A. 

Nucleosome

B. 

Chromatid

C. 

Chromosome

D. 

Nucleus

E. 

Nucleoid

nucleosome

Which of the following is the site of ribosome synthesis in an animal cell?

A. 

Nucleoid

B. 

Nuclear envelope

C. 

Nuclear pores

D. 

Nucleolus

E. 

Nucleoplasm

nucleolus

Which of the following is used to synthesize ribosomes in the eukaryotic cell?

A. 

mRNA

B. 

rRNA

C. 

tRNA

D. 

DNA

E. 

ssDNA

rRNA

A toxin inhibits the nucleolus from functioning in the eukaryotic cell. Which processes will be directly affected by this?

A. 

Protein synthesis

B. 

DNA synthesis

C. 

DNA organization

D. 

Ribosome synthesis

E. 

mRNA synthesis

ribosome synthesis

The eukaryotic nucleus is contained within the __________.

A. 

Nuclear lamina

B. 

Nucleolus

C. 

Chromatin

D. 

Nuclear envelope

E. 

Nucleoid

nuclear envelope

The movement of substances through the nuclear membrane is facilitated by __________

A. 

Nuclear pores

B. 

Nuclear lamina

C. 

Nucleolus

D. 

Nucleoid

E. 

Chromatin

nuclear pores

To transport mRNA and some proteins out of the nucleus, the nucleus has __________.

A. 

 Nuclear lamina

B. 

Nuclear pores

C. 

Nucleoid

D. 

rRNA

E. 

Nucleolus.

nuclear pores

Which of the following provides mechanical support to maintain the shape of the nucleus?

A. 

Nuclear lamina

B. 

Nuclear envelope

C. 

Nucleolus

D. 

Histones

E. 

Chromosomes

Nuclear lamina

Which of the following aids in chromatin organization?

A. 

Gills

B. 

Chromosomes

C. 

Histones

D. 

Nuclear envelope

E. 

Nucleolus

Histones

All of the following can possess a cell wall EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. 

Bacteria

B. 

Plant cells

C. 

Fungal cells

D. 

Archaea

E. 

Animal cells

Animal cells

All of the following are cellular organelles EXCEPT for one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A. 

Mitochondria

B. 

Chloroplast

C. 

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

D. 

Nucleus

E. 

DNA

DNA

Ribosomes are physically made up of __________.

A. 

mRNA and protein

B. 

DNA and protein

C. 

tRNA and protein

D. 

rRNA and protein

E. 

Chromatin and protein

rRNA and protein

The movement within the cytoplasm is called __________.

A. 

Cyclosis

B. 

Power stroke

C. 

Systolic number

D. 

Diastolic number

E. 

Svedberg unit

cyclosis

The organelle that assembles glycoproteins is called the __________.

A. 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C. 

Mitochondria

D. 

Lysosome

E. 

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A dysfunctional cell is unable to produce lipids. Which of the following organelles has been damaged?

A. 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

B. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

C. 

Golgi apparatus

D. 

Nucleus

E. 

Centrosome

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum?

A. 

Chloride ions

B. 

Calcium ions

C. 

Phosphorus ions

D. 

Hydrogen ions

E. 

Bicarbonate ions

calcium ions

This organelle has digestive enzymes that break down molecules.

A. 

Golgi apparatus

B. 

Lysosome

C. 

Peroxisome

D. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

E. 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Lysosome

Which of the following organelles functions by packaging and transporting substances in vesicles?

A. 

Peroxisome

B. 

Golgi apparatus

C. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

E. 

Vacuole

Golgi apparatus

The flattened sacs in the Golgi apparatus are called __________.

A. 

Vacuoles

B. 

Vesicles

C. 

Cristae

D. 

Cisternae

E. 

Matrix

Cisternae

Which of the following organelles is common in liver and kidney cells?

A. 

Vacuole

B. 

Peroxisome

C. 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

D. 

Mitochondria

E. 

Plastid

Peroxisome

One of the most common proteins found in intermediate filaments is __________.

A. 

Tubulin

B. 

Actin

C. 

Keratin

D. 

Collagen

E. 

Catalase

Keratin

Which of the following forms the spindle apparatus during cellular division?

A. 

Microfilaments

B. 

Microtubules

C. 

Intermediate filaments

D. 

Transport vacuoles

E. 

Cell walls

Microtubules

The digestive enzymes inside lysosomes function at (a) __________.

A. 

Low pH

B. 

High pH

C. 

Neutral pH

D. 

pH equilibrated to the cytosol

E. 

pH that is more basic than the cytosol

Low pH

Intermediate filaments __________.

A. 

Act as the spindle apparatus during cellular division

B. 

Provide support to maintain cellular structure

C. 

Allow for cellular mobility

D. 

Are found in flagella and cilia

E. 

Are found in cleavage furrows in animal cells

Provide support to maintain cellular structure

Microtubule Organization Centers are found everywhere besides __________.

A. Animal cells

B. Plant cells

C. Bacterial cells

D. Centrosome

E. Basal bodies

Bacterial cells

Which of the following best describes the function of transport vacuoles?

A. Holds nutrients to later break down food

B. Moves substances to different parts of the cell

C. Expresses turgor to maintain cellular structure

D. Stores molecules and toxic substances

E. Pumps and collects water using active transport

Moves substances to different parts of the cell

Which of the following best describes the function of food vacuoles?

A. Pumps and collects water using active transport

B. Moves substances to different parts of the cell

C. Holds nutrients to later break down food

D. Expresses turgor to maintain cellular structure

E. Stores molecules and toxic substances

Holds nutrients to later break down food

Which of the following best describes the function of the central vacuole?

A. Maintains cellular structure in animal cells

B. Expresses turgor to maintain cellular structure

C. Stores pigments and starch

D. Pumps and collects water using active transport

E. Moves substances to different parts of cells

Expresses turgor to maintain cellular structure

Which of the following best describes the function of contractile vacuoles?

A. Moves substances to different parts of cells

B. Maintain osmosis in plant cells

C. Pumps and collects water using active transport in plant cells

D. Pumps and collects water using active transport in some protist organisms

E. Store pigments and starch

Pumps and collects water using active transport in some protist organisms