(L4-2) Cnidarians are the simplest animals with nervous systems

(_) are the simplest animals with nervous systems they have (_) which are series of interconnected nerve cells

(_) have the simplest, most clearly defined nervous systems. Small (_) and (_) nerve cords

Cnidarians, nerve nets, planarians, brain, longitudinal

(_) & (_) have more complicated brains and ventral nerve cords containing (_)

(_) have a (_): brain & spinal cord and a (_): nerves & ganglia

annelids, arthropods, ganglia, vertebrates, CNS, PNS

(_) neurons transmit information to the CNS.

(_) neurons transmit information away from the CNS.

(_) – controls skeletal muscles, both voluntary & involuntary

(_) - controls smooth muscles, cardiac muscles & glands, involuntary

afferent, towards, efferent, away, motor system, automatic nervous system

Three Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System (in PNS)

(_): “fight-or-flight” response

(_): “rest and digest” functions

(_): controls activity of the digestive tract, pancreas and gallbladder

sympathetic, parasympathetic, enteric

forebrain, cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, midbrain, hindbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum, spinal, cerebral cortex

(_) Lobe

Broca’s Area = (_)

Prefrontal Cortex = (_)

Motor Cortex = (_)

(_) Lobe

Somatosensory Association Cortex = (_)

Sensory Association Cortex = (_)

Cerebellum = (_)

frontal, forming speech, decision making/planning, control of skeletal muscles, parietal, sense of touch, integration of sensory info, coordination and balance

(_) Lobe

Visual Association Cortex = (_)

Visual Cortex (_)

(_) Lobe

Wernicke’s Area = (_)

Auditory Complex = (_)

occipital, combining images and objection recognition, temporal, comprehending language, hearing

Broca’s area, prefrontal cortex, frontal, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex, parietal, sensory association cortex, visual association cortex, occipital, visual cortex, cerebellum, Wernicke’s area, auditory cortex, temporal

A (_) is the body’s automatic response to a stimulus

1. (_) – tapping on tendon

2. Sensors detect sudden stretch in quadriceps

3. (_) convey info to spinal cord

4. (_) – (_) convey signals to quadriceps, quadriceps contracts & jerks lower leg forward

reflex, stimulus, sensory neurons, spinal cord, response, motor neurons

Spinal cord and brain develop from the (_)

Nerve cord gives rise to the central (_) of spinal cord and (_) of the brain

embryonic nerve cord, canal, ventricles

Brain and spinal cord contain

(_) matter: neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons

(_) matter: bundles of myelinated axons

gray, white

Central canal ventricles are filled with (_) fluid.

cushions brain and spinal cord

provides (_) and remove (_)

cerebrospinal, nutrients, wastes