Ottoman Empire

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1

Ottoman Empire

A powerful empire that ruled the Middle East and North Africa from 1453 to 1918, deriving wealth from cotton cultivation and trade.

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2

Battle of Manzikert (1071)

Ottoman victory over the Byzantine Empire, allowing Ottoman settlement in Anatolia and marking the start of Ottoman dominance.

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3

Osman I

Founder of the Ottoman Empire, originating from Central Asian Turkish-speaking tribes.

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4

Suleyman the Magnificent

Ottoman Sultan known for territorial expansion, cultural achievements, legal reforms, and architectural patronage.

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5

Janissaries

Elite Ottoman military corps of young conscripts using muskets and firearms, crucial for maintaining internal order and supporting campaigns.

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6

Divan

Ottoman Imperial Council advising the Sultan on state matters, including military campaigns, legal issues, and economic policies.

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7

Sharia and Kanun

Dual Ottoman legal system balancing Islamic law (Sharia) and secular law (Kanun) through separate judicial systems.

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8

Siege of Vienna (1529)

Ottoman assault on Vienna demonstrating Ottoman military power and determination to expand.

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9

Millet System

Ottoman system allowing religious communities to govern themselves under their own laws and leaders, promoting social harmony.

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10

Ottoman Navy

Faced challenges from European powers, protecting trade routes and territories in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean.

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