CHAPTER 13 PYSC

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

A branch of psychology that studies how human behavior and psychology affect work and how they are affected by work.

Hawthorne Effect

The increase in performance of individuals who are noticed, watched, and paid attention to by researchers or supervisors.

Job Analysis

A detailed description of tasks to be performed for a job, including both task-oriented and worker-oriented descriptions.

360-degree Feedback Appraisal

A performance appraisal method involving feedback from supervisors, customers, peers, and self-rating for a holistic view of employee performance.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark legislation that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Theory X

A management style where managers believe workers are inherently lazy and unproductive, requiring control and punishment.

Theory Y

A management style where managers view workers as naturally industrious and creative problem solvers who need minimal supervision.

Performance Appraisal

Evaluations of employee success at performing job duties, aimed at motivating performance improvement and competency expansion.

Counterproductive Work Behavior

Behavior that negatively impacts the organization, such as sexual harassment or workplace violence.

Organizational Culture

The values, visions, hierarchies, norms, and employee interactions governing an organization, influencing its operations and decision-making.

Employee Motivation

An individual's level of enthusiasm and commitment towards their work, often influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors.

Diversity Training

Educational programs aimed at enhancing teamwork by informing participants about cultural differences and reducing prejudice.

Job Stress

Negative outcomes arising from specific stressors in jobs, leading to health issues and deteriorating performance.

Sexual Harassment

Sexually-based behavior that is unwanted, adversely affects employment status, obstructs job performance, or creates a hostile work environment.

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

Requirements essential for certain jobs that may involve discrimination, like gender or religion, necessary for job performance.

Social Norms

Implicit guidelines that regulate behavior in social groups, influencing workplace interactions and dynamics.

Team-Based Approach

An organizational strategy where teams are given specific tasks to accomplish collaboratively, promoting diverse skills and experiences.

Transformational Leadership

A leadership style characterized by inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration for followers.

Training & Development

Processes aimed at enhancing employee skills, performance, and satisfaction through orientation, mentoring, and continuous education.

Personality Testing

Assessment methods used to identify candidate personality characteristics that align with effective job performance.