Britain 1970-1979 (The end of the post-war consensus)

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heath's cabinet positions
cheif whip for eden, lord privvy seal for macmillan, chancellor for home
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edward heath
conservative prime minister 1970-1974
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"i am not a product of privilege. i am a product of opportnity"
edward heath, 1974
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heath response to being ousted from office
never forgave thatcher, never served in thatcher's cabinet
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1970 general election results
30 seat conservative majority
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Selsdon hotel meeting
january 1970, formulating 1970 general election manifesto, resulted in free market principles being key
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selsdon group
formed 1973 in response to government's abandonment of free market policies
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tory establishment response to selsdon group
attacked members, policies had success though under thatcher and major
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lame duck industry
industry requiring government support to survive, would not be supported in 1970 tory manifesto
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decimalisation
1971, agreed in 1965
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stagflation
combination of inflation and unemployment, happened following barber boom
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Barber boom
reduction in public spending and taxes by anthony Barber to encourage spending
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Heath's U-turn
1971-1972, following nationalisation of Rolls-Royce
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OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
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purpose of OPEC
to protect interest of members by fixing production levels to maintain steady prices
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Yom Kippur War
October 1973, in middle east
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effects of yom kippur war
OPEC oil embargo, caused oil prices to rise to 4x normal levels
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NUM
national union of miners
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NUM demanding pay rise
november 1973
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nationalisation of rolls royce
1971
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bloody sunday
30th january 1972
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deaths from bloody sunday
13 killed, 14 injured
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18th january 1972
Faulkner banned all parades and marches in region around Derry
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9th august 1971
internment without trial introduced in NI
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Consequences of Bloody Sunday
british embassy in dublin burnt, IRA support increase
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heath suspended stormont
march 1972
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widgery report published
18th april 1972
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findings of widgery report
demonstrators fired first shot at british army, those fired upon were armed
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NI response to widgery
didn't accept report, contentious in peace process
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bias of widgery report
widgery was conservative peer, held in unionist town, lack of consideration for demonstrators testimony
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strongest criticism of soldiers on bloody sunday
"firing bordered on the reckless"
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key republican assassinations 1979
airey neare, lord mountbatten
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percentage of interned which were catholic
95%, 1971-1975
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IRA about internment
"one of the best recruiting tools the IRA ever had"
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sectarian explosions 1972
1382
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sectarian shootings 1972
10628
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sectarian killings 1972
480
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sunningdale agreement
1973, heath and whitelaw negotiated power-sharing agreement in NI
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IRA
irish republican army
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INLA
Irish National Liberation Army
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UDA
Ulster Defense Association
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UVF
Ulster Volunteer Force
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UUP
Ulster Unionist Party
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DUP
Democratic Unionist Party
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Alliance party
non-sectarian unionism
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SDLP
Social Democratic and Labour Party, popular nationalist party
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Sinn Fein
political wing of republican movement
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support for sunningdale agreement
British government, some parties in NI
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opposition to sunningdale agreement
Sinn Fein, IRA, Thatcher
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brian faulkner
chief executive of power-sharing agreement, UUP
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gerry fitt
deputy chief executive, SDLP
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austin curry
minister for housing, SDLP
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basil mcivor
minister for education, UUP, determines funding to local authorities so prioritises protestant areas funding
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UUP leave sunningdale agreement
1974 following pressure from UVF and UDA
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harry west
replacement for faulkner in 1974
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northern ireland election results 1974
11/12 constituencies elected a candidate opposing the agreement
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unemployment in 1973
down to 300000
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january 1974
NUM called national strike
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industrial relations act
1971, established industral relations court opposed by TUC and CBI
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industrial relations court
determined legality of strikes
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CBI
confederation of british industry
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industry act
1972, proposed involving government, TUC and CBI in determining wages, opposed by tory right e.g. powell
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1st miners strike began
9th january 1972
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state of emergency declared
9th february 1972
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wilberforce committee
examined miners' demands and established 3 day week
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3 day week
in response to miners' strike to save electricity and created balance of payments crisis
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pay increase given to miners
21%
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working days lost to strikes under Heath
23,909,000
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21st july 1972
5 dockers arrested by national industrial relations corps, led to national dockers strike in solidarity
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subsidies granted to upper clyde shipbuilders
£34m, part of U-Turn
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equal pay act
1970, not enforced until 1975, work done by barbara castle and labour government, influenced by ford dagenham act
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strikes in 1971
228
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strikes by 1973
2,873
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results of general election on 28th february 1974
hung parliament with minority labour govenment, formed lib-lab pact
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results of general election on 10th october 1974
3 seat labour majority
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local government act
passed in 1972 and 1973, introduced by peter walked, reshaped structure of local government
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peter walker
environment minister, introduced local government act
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britain joins EEC
1973, alongside Ireland and Denmark
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reasons for acceptance into EEC
de Gaulle was dead, Pompidou and others saw Britain’s worth in EEC
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3rd EEC application
1971
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Labour MPs voting for EEC
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MPs abstained from EEC vote
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EEC referendum
1975, labour campaign promise
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results of EEC referendum
17m yes, 8m no, unified labour party in favour with EEC
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reasons for Yes win in referendum
better funded by big businesses, better figureheads such as Heath and Jenkins
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october 1973
US wanted to use NATO bases for airlifting supplies, Europe said no due to oil supply needs
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Kissinger
attempted to use Britain as link into European market
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wilson and callaghan USA view
pro-atlantic alliance
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replacement of polaris with trident
1979
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nixon visited Mao
february 1972
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britain and china ambassador exchange
march 1972o
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october 1979
Hua Guofeng (Chinese premier) visited Britain
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Heath and China
won ‘People Friendship Envoy’
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effects of sino soviet split dispute
exploited by west to improve relations with china
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heath visits to China
26 times, first in may 1974
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Miss World Protests
1970 competition, Women’s Lib protested against objectification of women
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march 1971
protests in liverpool and london, demanding 24 hour nursery and equal pay for women
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battle of the sexes
1973 tennis match, billie jean king vs. bobby riggs
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billie jean king
advocate for civil rights and equal pay for women in sport
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separatist feminist
more radical believes women are oppressed by patriarchal society so should be separate to be free