General Mathematics Term 1 Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering financial applications, surface area and volume of solids, scale and measurement, currency and temperature conversions, and functions and their graphs.

Gross Income

The total amount earned before any deductions, including salary, bonuses, and allowances.

Deductions

Amounts subtracted from gross income, such as GSIS, PhilHealth, and Pag-IBIG.

Withholding Tax

The tax deducted from income based on tax rules or tables.

Net Pay

The amount received after subtracting total deductions and withholding tax from gross income.

Periodic Deposit ($P$)

The amount deposited regularly into an investment account.

Future Value ($FV$)

The total accumulated amount at the end of an investment period, calculated as $FV = P \times \frac{(1+r)^n - 1}{r}$.

Surface Area

The total area covering the outside of a 3D solid, measured in square units such as $\text{cm}^2$.

Volume

The amount of space inside a 3D solid, measured in cubic units such as $\text{cm}^3$.

Rectangular Prism Formulas

Geometric formulas where Surface Area is $SA = 2(lw + lh + wh)$ and Volume is $V = lwh$.

Cylinder Formulas

Geometric formulas where Surface Area is SA = 2\text{\textpi} r^2 + 2\text{\textpi} rh and Volume is V = \text{\textpi} r^2 h.

Sphere Formulas

Geometric formulas where Surface Area is SA = 4\text{\textpi} r^2 and Volume is V = \frac{4}{3}\text{\textpi} r^3.

Scale

The ratio showing the relationship between a measurement on a drawing or map and the actual measurement in real life.

Exchange Rate

A value showing how much one currency is worth compared with another currency.

SI Unit of Time

The second ($s$), which is used standardly by scientists.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Formula

The formula used to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit: $F = \frac{9}{5}C + 32$.

Celsius to Kelvin Formula

The formula used to convert temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: $K = C + 273.15$.

Fahrenheit to Kelvin Formula

The formula used to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Kelvin: $K = \frac{5}{9}(F - 32) + 273.15$.

Linear Function

A function represented by $y = mx + b$ that forms a straight line graph with a constant rate of change.

Quadratic Function

A function represented by $y = ax^2 + bx + c$ that forms a U-shaped parabola graph with a vertex.

Absolute Value Function

A function represented by $y = |x|$ that forms a V-shaped graph with a vertex.

Square Root Function

A function represented by $y = \frac{1}{2}$ or $y = \text{sqrt}(x)$ that forms a one-sided curve starting at an endpoint.

Cube Root Function

A function represented by $y = x^{\frac{1}{3}}$ that forms an S-shaped graph extending in both directions and passing through the origin.

Rate of Change ($m$)

In a real-life linear function $y = mx + b$, the rate that determines how much the value increases per unit.

Initial Value ($b$)

In a real-life linear function $y = mx + b$, the starting amount or fixed fee before any changes occur.