AST 1st year flashcards

Upper Strut Mounts on a Macpherson strut vehicle are tilted forward of the lower ball joints, the vehicle has:

negative caster

What type of angle is caster?

directional control

Imaginary line drawn through the center of the upper and lower ball joints on a conventional steering vehicle is known as the:

steering axis

Caster tends to lean the car into a turn if it is set:

negative

Camber is measured by comparing the wheel angle to:

true verticle

If the wheel on a vehicle leans inward at the top, the angle produced is called:

negative camber

Excessive camber may cause:

tire wear

Uneven side to side camber may cause:

the car to pull

The inward tilt of the steering axis (viewed from the front) is called:

steering axis inclination

The included angle is defined as:

steering axis inclination and camber

When camber is zero (0 degrees), SAI:

and included angle will be the same

Turning radius is determined by:

the angle of the steering arms

Incorrect turning radius may cause:

tire squal and tire wear

When measuring turning radius, if the inside wheel is turned in 20 degrees, the outside wheel should turn:

less

If turning radius specs are not published:

measurements should be compared side to side

The purpose of the toe angle is to:

maximize tire life, and compensate for any deflection deflection in the steering linkage

When the vehicle is in motion, ideally the toe setting should be:

0 degrees

Incorrect toe setting may cause:

rapid tire wear

Excessive toe-out causes:

scuffing wear from inside to outside

The vehicle thrust line is determined by the:

rear toe

If the thrust line is off to the right, the vehicle will:

pull to the left, pull to the side with the shortest wheelbase, and dog track

The direction the vehicle will travel in is determined by the:

thrust line

Moving the top of the MacPherson strut rearward will cause the:

caster to move more positive

Adding a shim with the thickest portion at the top between the rear spindle and axle will cause the:

camber to move more positive

Lengthening a front-mounted strut rod will increase:

negative caster

Three characteristics to consider when selecting steering angle values:

ease of steering

tire wear

steering stability

Ride height should only be measured with the vehicle on a flat surface after:

correcting tire inflation

A customer bring a vehicle in for an alignment complaining it pulls left. The first thing you should do is:

verify customer complaint

During you pre-alignment visual inspection, you notice that the vehicle tends to lean to the lft. The probable cause would be:

broken spring

When performing an alignment, which of the following angles do you adjust first?

rear camber

The last adjustment made on a wheel alignment is:

front toe

To centre the steering wheel on the vehicle in Figure 31 (Alignment Procedures) you would (Steering wheel stuck in the left position):

shorten the left tie rod and lengthen the right tie rod

Turning radius on the right side is out of spec by 3 degrees, how do you correct this?

replace the bent steering arm

Camber specs in one book is 0 degrees + - 0.5 degrees, another book lists the same car as -0.5 degrees to 0.5 degrees. This means:

both specifications mean the same

When road testing a vehicle for alignment:

drive on a variety of road surfaces

After adjusting toe, tie rods must be positioned correctly before tightening the adjusters to:

allow the tie rods to rotate 30 degrees in their sockets

On a rear wheel drive vehicle equipped with a solid axle and coil springs, the differential assembly is:

unsprung weight

The basic working principle of a hydraulic shock absorber is based on:

hydraulic fluid forced through an orifice

Active suspensions make instantaneous adjustments to the suspension in response to changes in:

acceleration and deceleration, steering inputs, body roll and G-Forces.

A ball joint that receives the force from the coil spring or torsion bar is called a:

load carrier type

The force or weight required to deflect a spring one inch is called:

spring rate

The MacPherson strut suspension:

eliminates the use of upper control arms

The upper ball joint on a SLA suspension with the spring on the lower control arm is:

a guiding ball joint

Tie rods are positioned closely to closely match the travel of the lower control arms to:

prevent excessive changes in toe during suspension travel

A stabilizer (anti-sway) bar is attached to a car's lower control arms in order to:

control body roll

One advantage of an air suspension is that:

ride height is controlled automatically

Two support members of the parallelogram steering linkage are the:

idler and pitman arms

The main purpose of the steering linkage is to:

accurately relay steering commands

Automatic ride control systems use computers to:

adjust shock absorbers to driving conditions

A low curb height measurement on the left side of a vehicle is most likely caused by:

a broken or sagged left front spring

Torsilastic control arm bushings must be torqued:

at curb height

When the body of a vehicle continues to bounce after going through a dip, it probably needs:

new shock absorbers

Outer tie rod ends are most accurately checked for wear by using:

the dry park check for lateral movement

Wear indicator load carrying ball joints should be:

inspected with ball joints loaded

During control arm bushing installation:

care must be taken not to distort the control arm

When installing a slotted nut on a tie rod end or ball joint:

do not use a cotter pin if the hole does not align with the slot

A bent steering arm should be:

replaced

A vehicle pulls slightly to the left at all times. The cause could be:

unevenly adjusted caster

While road testing a vehicle, you feel a pull to the left on the steering wheel during heavy braking, accompanied by a loud clunk. The most likely problem is:

worn control arm bushing

Front wheel toe change during jounce and rebound is normal providing the change is:

the same on each side

Bump steer is caused by unequal:

toe change

Seized upper strut mount bearings could cause:

memory steer

The design of electric trailer brakes ensures both the trailer and tow vehicle stop.

false

Which of the following do eletric trailer brakes use to apply force to the brake shoes?

electromagnets

The primary function of the trailer breakaway switch is to apply the trailer brakes in an emergency situation and the secondary function is to operate as a parking brake.

true

Steering assist is provided by:

a hydraulic pressure difference

List two configurations of rack and pinion steering gears:

centre take-off

end take-off

On rack and pinion steering gears, variable ratio is accomplished by changing the:

rack gear teeth

The rack gear and inner tie rods are protected by the:

bellows boots

The four designs of hydraulic assist pumps:

roller

slipper

vane

gear

What are the three common properties of hydraulic assist pumps?

positive displacement pump

demand pumps

balanced pumps

Positive displacement means that the pump:

delivers the same volume per revolution

Pressure is created by a:

restriction

The flow control valve is designed to:

regulate fluid flow

Electromechanical assist pumps do not require a:

flow control valve

Two components that make up a directional control valve:

spool valve

valve body

the directional control valve components are held in alignment by the:

torsion bar

When the directional control valve is in alignment, the pressures in the turn chambers are equal.

true

In order for the directional control valve to be aligned, the steering wheel must be in the straight ahead position.

false

Variable assist steering provides full assist at __________________________________ speeds.

parking lot

Two adjustments in order on a non-rack and pinion steering gear.

worm bearing preload

high spot / over centre mesh

Two items you need to check before you use the steering system analyzer:

fluid

drive system

Closing the valve on the steering system analyzer three times and noting the pressure readings is a test for what component?

pressure relief valve

Manually flushing a hydraulic steering system should be done with the engine running.

false

You should mark multiple-piece drive shafts before disassembling in order to maintain:

drive shaft phasing

Most drive shafts allow which two major functions?

changes in length and transfer of torque

A cross-and-roller unioversal joint can be retained by:

snap rings, U-Bolts, and cap screws.

Two components that allow the necessary movement of the drive shaft are:

a universal joint and slip yoke

The most common types of drivelines are:

hotchkiss and halfshaft

A drive shaft is phased properly when:

yokes on the same shaft are in the same plane

A variable velocity universal joint changes speed every:

90 degrees

Drive shaft angles can be checked with:

drive shaft angle gauge

Wgeb ubstakkubg a multiple piece drive shaft, you should:

check for proper drive shaft alignment

You can adjust the drive shaft angle by which of the following methods?

shimming the transmission rear mount, and/or shimming the final drive assembly

A tripod universal joint:

is often used as the outer CV joint on a FWD car

A customer complains about a vibration while driving. The customer recently had the rear leaf springs replaced. The most probable cause of the complaint is that the:

drive shaft angle is incorrect

A clicking sound is heard from a FWD car during sharp turns. The most probable cause is a faulty:

outer CV joint

A steady bearing used in the driveline of a FWD car:

reduce torque steer

The two pieces of collapsible steering shafts are held together by:

injected plastic

Couplings on the steering shaft:

help to isolate the steering wheel from road noise and shock