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What are the two major leaf types in extant tracheophytes?
Microphylls and Megaphylls.
What are the two subdivisions of Tracheophytes based on leaf type?
Lycophytes (microphylls) and Euphyllophytes (megaphylls).
What characteristic is unique to Lycophytes compared to Euphyllophytes?
Lycophytes have microphyll leaves, while Euphyllophytes have megaphyll leaves.
What is the term used for the free-sporing vascular plants?
Pteridophytes.
Which group of plants includes club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts?
Lycophytes.
What are the two types of spore production in Selaginellales and Isoetales?
Heterospory, producing microspores and megaspores.
What distinguishes Eusporangiate Monilophytes from other fern groups?
They have larger sporangia derived from several epidermal cells.
What is a notable feature of the stem structure in Equisetales?
Ribbed stems associated with internal hollow canals.
What evolutionary significance do the Lycophytes hold according to the notes?
They comprise some of the most primitive lineages of vascular plants.
What is a characteristic feature of Lycophylls?
Simple leaves with a single, unbranched vein.
What type of vascular tissue do Euphyllophytes typically possess?
Exarch protoxylem.
What are the two main groups of Monilophytes?
Leptosporangiate and Eusporangiate ferns.
What role do rhizomes play in the life cycle of Psilotales?
They serve as the horizontal structure from which aerial stems arise.
In Monilophytes, what is the difference between microsporangia and megasporangia?
Microsporangia produce microspores (male), and megasporangia produce megaspores (female).
