11. Victimology and Restorative Justice

reasons for discrepancies in crime reporting

not reported, some crimes more likely to be reported, variations in police discretion, changes in legislation

the ideal victim

weak in relation to offender, blameless, unrelated to offender, offender is big and ban

pre modern criminal law: parties

victim and offender

pre modern criminal law: remedy

reparation to victim

modern criminal law: parties

state and offender

modern criminal law: remedy

retribution or deterrence

restorative justice sidelines the state in favour of…

the victim, the offender, and the wider community

disintegrative shaming

the isolation or humiliation of the offender. response likely to be defiant rather than compliant

reintegrative shaming

disapproval conveyed through shaming is accompanied by forgiveness. feelings of guilt and embarrassment deterring future offences

procedural justice theory

being treated with respect and given a voice is just as important as the outcome