Cause and effect vocabulary test

The company's profits declined sharply ____ the global economic crisis.

owing to

____ the new restrictions, many businesses had to rethink their strategy.

since

The findings include a section ____ the unexpected rise in costs.

which explains that

He failed to update the system, ____ the data was lost.

which means that

The project was delayed; ____ the team had to revise their schedule.

this is the reason why / for that reason / hence / therefore / consequently / thus

____ the complexity of the legislation, further consultation was necessary.

in my view of this

The delays were largely ____ poor coordination between departments.

attributed to / owing to

A balanced diet can significantly ____ your ability to concentrate.

contribute to

The announcement of the merger is likely to ____ widespread restructuring.

give rise to / bring about / trigger / provoke

Lack of investment in training will inevitably ____ lower productivity.

lead to / result in / bring about

The initiative is expected to ____ measurable economic benefits.

generate / bring about

A range of factors can ____ consumer behavior in unpredictable ways.

determine / influence / affect

Digital influencers increasingly ____ public opinion on health topics.

exert an influence on / affect / shape

This word ____ a Latin verb meaning “to rise.”

stems from / derives from

The new law is intended to ____ positive changes in environmental policy.

bring about / give rise to / lead to

The Prime Minister’s comments ____ outrage among the opposition.

provoked / triggered / gave rise to

The introduction of sanctions immediately ____ a drop in exports.

triggered / caused / brought about

Much of their success ____ years of dedicated research.

stems from / derives from

How do you ____ the sudden decrease in customer satisfaction?

account for / explain / justify

This ruling sets an important ____ future employment cases.

precedent for

He missed the deadline; ____ his application was automatically rejected.

hence / thus / therefore / for that reason

They failed to act on the warning signs; ____ the situation deteriorated.

as a result / consequently

She ignored expert advice; ____ the project ran over budget.

this suggests that / for that reason

No clarification was offered; ____ we are forced to make assumptions.

hence / therefore

The evidence was inconclusive; ____ further investigation is required.

for that reason / therefore / hence

He consistently violated safety protocols; ____ he was dismissed.

therefore / hence / thus

She didn’t renew her visa; ____ she was asked to leave the country.

as a result / consequently / so

They declined the offer; ____ the partnership was called off.

consequently / therefore / as a result

He failed to back up the files; ____ all his work was lost.

thus / hence / therefore

Constant interruptions have severely ____ the team’s productivity.

affected

The platform was designed to ____ collaboration between remote teams.

facilitate

The new features are expected to ____ customer interest.

stimulate

Lack of sleep can seriously ____ your cognitive function.

affect

The poor planning only ____ the complexity of the situation.

exacerbated

The power outage was a direct ____ poor maintenance.

consequence of / result of / outcome of

The breakthrough was the successful ____ years of research.

outcome of / result of