Lab Practical 3 Normandale BIOL 2041

cerebrum

cerebral hemisphere

one of the paired lateral divisions of the forebrain

longitudinal fissure

transverse fissure

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

gyrus

A ridged or raised portion of a convoluted brain surface.

sulcus

groove

frontal lobe

parietal lobe

temporal lobe

occipital lobe

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

lateral sulcus

Separates temporal lobe from parietal and frontal lobes

corpus callosum

the large band of neural fibers connecting the two brain hemispheres and carrying messages between them

olfactory bulb

olfactory tract

optic nerve

optic chiasma

optic tract

How information from the optic nerve travels to the thalamus.

cerebellum

A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.

cerebellar hemisphere

arbor vitae

tree like arrangement of white matter

Diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

thalamus

hypothalamus

epithalamus

pituitary gland

ventricles

lateral ventricles

third ventricle

cerebral aqueduct

fourth ventricle

brain stem

midbrain

pons

medulla oblongata

spinal cord

olfactory nerve

trigeminal nerve

vagus nerve

cervical spinal nerves

thoracic spinal nerves

T1-T12

lumbar spinal nerves

L1-L5

sacral spinal nerves

S1-S5 (5 pairs)

cervical plexus

network

phrenic nerve

brachial plexus

network

ulnar nerve

radial nerve

median nerve

lumbar plexus

network

sacral plexus

Arises from L4-S4
Network

sciatic nerve

nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

extrinsic eye muscles

optic nerve

the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain

sclera

The white outer layer of the eyeball.

choroid

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

retina

neural layer

anterior segment

contains aqueous humor, anterior chamber, and posterior chamber

cornea

The clear tissue that covers the front of the eye

iris

a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening

pupil

The opening through which light enters the eye

anterior chamber

filled with aqueous humor

posterior chamber

between iris and lens

aqueous humor

fluid

lens

the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

posterior segment

contains vitreous humor, retina, choroid, and optic nerve

ciliary body

optic disc

blind spot

vitreous humor

jellylike substance found behind the lens in the posterior cavity of the eye that maintains its shape

multipolar neuron

A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system.

nucleus

Function: Contain DNA; produce RNA for protein synthesis

cell body

Largest part of a typical neuron; contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm

neuron process

an extension of the neuron away from its cell body (aka axons and dendrites)

glial cells

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

nodes of ranvier

gaps in the myelin sheath

axon

A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses AWAY from the cell body.

epineurium

Dense connective tissue that surrounds entire nerve including fascicles and blood vessels.

fascicle

perineurium

surrounds each fascicle

endoneurium

delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve

myelin sheath

Axon

peripheral nerve

tiny purple puncta or dots in the image

gray matter

nerve cell bodies arranged in a butterfly shape with anterior and posterior "horns"

white matter

This area surrounds the gray matter. It is composed of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons. It has three regions, anterior, lateral, and posterior columns.

central canal

center of spinal cord which contains cerebrospinal fluid

ventral median fissure

dorsal horn

ventral horn

dorsal funiculus

lateral funiculus

ventral funiculus

dorsal root

the sensory branch of each spinal nerve

dorsal root ganglion

a nodule on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of afferent spinal nerve neurons

sensory neuron

located in the dorsal ganglia of the spinal cord

satellite cell

glial cell type in the PNS that provides support for neurons in the ganglia

ventral root

This structure contains the cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons that innervate the skeletal muscles.

axillary lymph nodes

located under the arms in the armpits

cervical lymph nodes

inguinal lymph nodes

spleen

Organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells