phase 1

Vitamin c active form

Ascorbic acid

Function of vitamin c

Antioxidant, immune function, collagen and NT bio synthesis, absorption of non heme iron

Sources of vitamin c

Citrus fruits, tomato, potatoes, red/green peppers

Excess vitamin c effects

GI issues

Deficient Vitamin C effects

Scurvy

Fatigue, malaise, inflammation of gums, impaired healing due to collagen synthesis decrease

What popoulations are most at risk for deficiency in vitamin C

Smokers

Infants not fed with breast milk or formula

Malabsorption states

Main active form of vitamin B1

Thiamin diphosphate/pyrophosphate

Function of B1

Cofactor for enzymes

Growth, development and function of cells

Sources of B1

Barley, brown rice, sunflower seed, gut bacteria

B1 deficiency

beri beri

Peripheral neuropathy and wasting, impaired sensory and motor

Wernicke korsakoff syndrome

Acute encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy

Active form of B2

Flavin mononucleotide

Flavin adenine dinucleotide

B2 function

Coenzyme for energy production, metabolism of fats, required for tryptophan and B6, maintains homocysteine levels

Sources of b2

Organ meats, yogurt, mushrooms, bacteria in large intestine

Deficiency of B2

Chollen, cracked lips and corners of mouth (angular chelitis)

At risk for deficiency in B2

Vegetarian athletes

Clinical uses for b2

Migraine prevention

Sickle cell anemia

form of b3 flushing

Nicotine acid

form of b3 non flushing

Niacinamide

Inositol hexaniacinate

metabolically active form of b3

NAD

Function of B3

Redox rxn

ATP/energy

Sources of b3

Organ meats, poultry, fish, fortified cereals

Deficiency of B3

Pellagra

Diarrhea

Dementia

Dermatitis

Death

Clinical uses for B3

Lowering blood lipids

Diabetes type 1

Raynauds

Active form B5

Pantothenic acid

Function of B5

CoA and ACP

Sources of B5

Liver, broccoli, gut micro biota

B5 deficiency

Fatigue

Numbness and burning of hands and feet

Clinical use for B5

Adrenal support (Anti-stress vitamin)

Active form of B6

Pyridoxal 5 phosphate

Pyridoxamine 5 phosphate

Function of B6

Amino acid metabolism

NT synthesis

Homeocysteine levels

Gluconeogensis and glycogenolysis

Sources of B6

Chickpeas, liver, fish

Clinical use for B6

Heart health

Osteoporosis

Cognitive function

Premenstrual syndrome

Morning sickness

Carpal tunnel

Vitamin B7

Biotin

B7 function

Cofactor for carboxylases

Fatty acid, glucose and amino acid metabolism

Gene regulation

Cell signaling

Sources of b7

Yeast, organ meat, eggs, fish

B7 deficiency

Thinning hair

Scaly red rash

Conjunctivitis

Skin infection

Brittle nails

Clinical use for b7

Hair skin and nail health

Cradle cap

Insulin sensitivity and enzymes

B9 active form

5 MTHF

Synthetic form of b9

Folic acid

Folinic acid

Function of b9

Methyl transfers

DNA/RNA synthesis

Homocysteine conversion to SAM

DFE stands for

Dietary folate equivalent

Sources of B9

Green leafy vegetables, legumes, gut microbiota

Populations/disorders deficient in B9

Alcohol use

Women of child bearing age

Pregnant women

Mapabsorptive disorders

MTHFR polymorphism

Megaloblastic anemia

B9 deficiency effects

Neural tube defects

Cardiovascular disease

Cancer

Cognitive dysfunction

Defiende in B9 can do what to homocysteine levels

Increase causing cardiovascular problems

Active form of B12

Methylcobalamin

5 - depxyadenosylcobalamin

Function of B12

RBC formation

Neuro function

DNA synthesis

Homocysteine to methionine

B12 absorption requires what in body

Intrinsic factor in stomach

Most common supplemental form of B12

Cyanocobalamin

B12 deficiency

Pernicious anemia

Pins and needles

Beefy red tongue

Megaloblastic anemia

Sources of b12

Organ meats, clams, oysters