module 8 fluids/electrolytes

hyperkalemia

high potassium levels (greater than 5)

hypokalemia

low levels of potassium (less than 3.5)

hypernatremia

high sodium (high and dry)

hyponatremia

low sodium (low and slow)

neuro complications

hypovolemia

loss of water and sodium leading to reduced ECF in body

dehydration

loss of water in the body

hypervolemia symptoms

edema

dyspnea

crackles in the lungs

increased blood pressure

JVD

weight gain

hypervolemia causes

renal failure

decreased cardiac output

excessive fluid intake

excessive sodium intake

hypervolemia interventions

raise HOB

monitor output/input

daily weights

auscultate lungs

administer diuretic

hypovolemia symptoms

fontanel depression

hypotension (orthostatic hypotension)

decreased skin turgor

dry mucous membrane

weight loss

tachycardia

weak pulse

hypovolemia causes

dehydration

vomiting/diarrhea

spending time in hot weather without sufficient fluid intake

hypovolemia interventions

fluid volume replacement

electrolyte replacement

cardiac monitor

daily weights

monitor for skin breakdown

gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

gastroenteritis causes

viral, bacterial, parasitic

drug reactions

food allergies

gastroenteritis assessment findings

slight abdominal distention

poor skin turgor

hyperactive bowel sounds

hypotension

dry mucous membrane

diarrhea

fever

gastroenteritis nursing interventions

clear liquids/fluid replacement

administer IV fluids

administer prescribed drugs

perineal care

hand hygiene

inspect skin/stool

primary prevention for fluids/electrolytes

intake/output is balanced

secondary prevention for fluids/electrolytes

physical exam

physical signs of extracellular volume

collab care for fluids/electrolytes

medication management

hypocalcemia signs

positive trousseau/chvostek sign