3- El Nino and IOD (1) FOR FLASH CARDS
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Last updated 3:12 AM on 3/17/25
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13 Terms
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Walker Circulation
The result of differences in surface pressure and temperature over the western and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.
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El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
A climate pattern that consists of three phases: neutral conditions, El Niño, and La Niña.
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Thermocline
The zone that separates warm surface water (above 25°C) and cool deep ocean water (below 15°C).
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Upwelling
The process in which cold water from the deep ocean rises to replace surface waters, bringing nutrients.
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El Niño
A phase of the ENSO characterized by warmer than normal sea surface temperatures and decreased upwelling.
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La Niña
A phase of the ENSO characterized by cooler than normal sea surface temperatures and stronger upwelling.
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Cumulonimbus Clouds
Clouds associated with thunderstorms that produce heavy rain, common in tropical rainforests.
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Trade Winds
Winds that blow from east to west in the tropics, impacting weather patterns and ocean currents.
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SST Anomaly
A measure of the difference in sea surface temperature from the long-term average.
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Winter-Spring Rainfall
Rainfall patterns typically seen in Australia during the winter and spring seasons, affected by ENSO phases.
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Positive Phase of IOD
Characterized by less rainfall over central and southern Australia; can coincide with El Niño.
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Negative Phase of IOD
Characterized by increased rainfall over eastern and southern Australia; can coincide with La Niña.
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Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)
A climate phenomenon related to differences in sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean which can influence weather patterns in Australia.
Note 
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