UTS 002

What does philosophy question in relation to the self?

Existence, identity, and meaning.

What is Socrates' famous quote about life?

'The unexamined life is not worth living.'

What does 'Know thyself' imply according to Socrates?

Knowing others is wisdom; knowing the self is enlightenment.

What is Plato's view on the self?

He believes in a dualistic perspective: immaterial mind (soul) and material body.

How does Plato divide the soul?

Into three distinct parts: reason, appetite, and will.

What is Aristotle's view of the self?

He believes in a harmonious integration of self: the soul and body.

What concept does Aristotle advocate for?

Eudaimonia.

How did St. Augustine view the self?

As flawed due to the original sin of Adam and Eve.

What does St. Augustine emphasize for understanding the self?

The importance of faith, humility, and moral transformation.

What is René Descartes' famous declaration?

'I think, therefore I am.'

What does the sociological perspective emphasize about human behavior?

How groups and social interaction shape behavior, attitudes, and life chances.

What are feral children?

Children who have lived isolated from human contact from a young age.

Who proposed the concept of the Looking Glass Self?

Charles Herbert Cooley.

What does the Looking Glass Self explore?

How our self-concept is influenced by our perceptions of how others see us.

What does the anthropological perspective examine?

Human diversity through culture, biology, history, and language.

What is the basic unit of society according to anthropology?

Family.

What role does education play in society?

Teaches academic skills, cultural norms, and prepares youth for societal roles.

What does religion provide according to anthropological perspectives?

Moral and spiritual guidance.

What is the role of government in society?

Creates and enforces laws while managing relations with other societies.

What is the economy's function?

Manages production and distribution of goods and services to meet societal needs.

What is enculturation?

Learning your own culture.

What is acculturation?

Learning and adapting to a new culture while keeping parts of the original culture.

What is assimilation?

Fully adopting the culture of another group, often losing the original culture.

What does Mead's Theory of Social Behaviorism emphasize?

The importance of social interaction in the development of the self.

What is symbolic interactionism?

Self-development occurs through interpretation of symbols, language, gestures, and norms.

What is role-taking?

The ability to understand and adopt others’ perspectives.

What does 'I' refer to in Mead's theory?

The spontaneous and impulsive individual aspect.

What does 'Me' refer to in Mead's theory?

The socialized aspect shaped by society’s norms and expectations.

What is Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory?

People learn through thinking, doing, and interacting with their environment.

What is self-efficacy according to Bandura?

Believing in one's ability to do something.

What is outcome expectation?

Thinking about what will happen if you take an action.

What does Bandura's concept of self (self-system) involve?

How individuals view, evaluate, and control their actions.

What does self-reflective capability mean?

Thinking about one's thoughts and actions.

What is collective efficacy?

Belief in a group's ability to work together to achieve shared goals.

What is the primary focus of philosophy in relation to self?

To provide profound insights into the nature of self.

What can a life lacking self-reflection be characterized as?

Meaningless according to Socrates.

What did Socrates believe about knowing oneself?

It leads to enlightenment.

How does Plato's dualistic perspective affect his view of the self?

It separates the immaterial mind from the material body.

What is eudaimonia?

A concept advocated by Aristotle referring to human flourishing or well-being.

How did St. Augustine's views shape understanding of the self?

He highlighted the flaws due to original sin and emphasized moral transformation.

What does Descartes' statement signify about the self?

It underscores the importance of consciousness in defining existence.

In sociology, how is human behavior shaped?

By groups and social interactions rather than individual traits.

What was the significance of studying feral children?

To understand the impact of isolation on human development.

What is the connection between the Looking Glass Self and self-concept?

Perceptions of how others see us shape our self-concept.

What is the importance of understanding five social institutions?

They define structures that shape social life and individual identity.

What relevance does education have in societal roles?

It prepares youth for their future roles in society.

How does religion contribute to societal understanding?

By providing moral and spiritual guidance in life's mysteries.

What does the economy address in terms of societal needs?

It manages the production and distribution of goods and services.

What are the three terms involved in acquiring culture?

Enculturation, acculturation, and assimilation.

What significant role does social interaction play in Mead's theory?

It is crucial for the development of the self.

What are symbols and norms fundamental to according to Mead?

They are essential for self-development in social contexts.

What is the difference between 'I' and 'Me' in Mead's terms?

'I' represents the individual aspect while 'Me' represents the socialized aspect.

What is the essence of Bandura’s social cognitive theory?

It focuses on learning through interactions and experiences.

What does self-reflective capability enable individuals to do?

Evaluate their own thoughts and actions.

How does collective efficacy affect group dynamics?

It fosters belief in the group's ability to achieve shared objectives.