tissues, skeletal frameworks and respiratory subdivisions

epithelial tissue

body tissue that covers internal and external, lines body cavities and hollow organs and is a major tissue in glands.

connective tissue

vital tissue type in the body that serves as a framework that supports and connects various body structures, maintaining the integrity and function of organ systems.

types: loose (ex. areolar and adipose tissue) dense (ex. tendons and ligaments) specialized (ex. cartilage, blood, lymph)

how many bones in the human body?

206

axial skeleton vs appendicular skeleton

axial = torso, appendicular = limbs

what are the 3 types of joints?

1. synarthrodial

2. amphiarthrodial

3. diarthrodial

synarthrodial joint

no movement ex. skull

amphiarthrodial joint 

slight movement - ex. pelvis 

diarthrodial joint

lots of movement - ex. larynx, jaw, shoulder 

condyloid joint

made of two oval shaped bones that fit together ex. jaw

saddle joint

bone forms a saddle or support for the other bone to rest in ex. sternoclavicular joint

ball and socket joint

ball fits into a socket allow for rotation and gliding motion ex. vocal cord arytenoids

gliding joint (plane joint)

usually flat bones that pass each other ex. the larynx when you swallow moves forward using this type of joint 

hinge joint

similar to motion of a door hinge ex. temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connecting jaw bone to the head

pivot joint

allows for rotation - ex. the head

tendons

• dense connective tissue

• characterized as tough non elastic

• muscle to bone

ligaments

• elastic

• bone to bone

• dense connective tissue 

what type of connective tissue is cartilage?

specialized

subtypes of cartilage

• fibrous (tough) found in some joints, vertebral discs

• hyaline (semi-rigid) mostly collagen, lines joint surfaces and connects ribs

• elastic (flexible) - found in ear epiglottis and small cartilages of larynx

3 types of muscle tissue

• striated skeletal - found on skeleton, fibers are bundled, voluntary control 

• striated cardiac - found in heart, fibers are separate cellular units, involuntary 

• smooth - found in organs, long spindle shaped cells, involuntary control  

label the neuron

1. cell membrane

2. dendrites

3. cell body

4. axon

5. oligodendrocyte

6. axon hillock

7. myelin sheath

8. node of Ranvier

9. axon terminal

10. synaptic clefts

breakdown the vertebrae into its section including how many in each

• 7 cervical vertebrae (neck)

• 12 thoracic vertebrae (chest)

• 5 lumbar

• 5 sacral

• 5 coccygeal

what are the 3 sections of the sternum?

1. manubrium 

2. body 

3. xiphoid process 

respiratory system subdivision?

• pulmonary apparatus - lungs and airways

• chest wall - rib cage wall, abdominal wall, diaphragm

parts of the lower airway in order that air travels

• trachea (windpipe)

• main stem bronchi (to left and right lungs)

• lobar bronchi - to each lobe (5 lobes, 2 on left 3 on right)

• 20 generations of divisions (like a tree)

• alveoli - site of gas exchange

visceral pleura vs parietal pleura

visceral pleura is the thin membrane covering the lungs

parietal pleura is the thin membrane lining the inner chest wall

what is pleural linkage?

connection between lungs and chest wall by the visceral and parietal membranes. surface tension of the fluid on these membranes links the lungs and thoracic cavity together - allows lung and thorax to operate together as a unit.