3B chapter 20 endocrine signaling part 1

homework questions

When a cell secretes a signaling molecule that travels through the bloodstream to a target cell, that’s

 

humoral signaling

 

neural signaling

 

endocrine signaling

 

paracrine signaling

 

autocrine signaling

endocrine signaling

When a cell secretes a signaling molecule that acts on a neighboring target cell, that’s

 

humoral signaling

 

autocrine signaling

 

endocrine signaling

 

paracrine signaling

paracrine signaling

When a neuron secretes a molecule that acts on a nearby target cell, that’s

 

humoral signaling

 

synaptic signaling

 

endocrine signaling

 

autocrine signaling

synaptic signaling

When the sympathetic system stimulates an action of the adrenal medulla, that’s

 

humoral signaling

 

neural signaling

 

endocrine signaling

 

autocrine signaling

neural signaling

When a cell senses and responds to a metabolite (e.g. plasma or interstitial glucose), that’s

 

humoral signaling

 

neural signaling

 

endocrine signaling

 

paracrine signaling

 

autocrine signaling

humoral signaling

“Direct” effects of growth hormone are mediated by

 

growth hormone without involvement of any other hormone downstream of growth hormone action

 

a hormone such as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)

 

both

both

Adrenergic antagonists would prevent catecholamines from influencing

 

glycogen breakdown

 

lipolysis

 

heart rate

 

blood pressure

 

all of the above

all of the above

All of these are correct EXCEPT

 

any aerobic exercise, no matter the intensity, increases circulating catecholamines

 

sensing of metabolic changes in skeletal muscle leads to an increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity

 

aerobic exercise doesn’t cause an increase in blood norepinephrine concentration until intensity is greater than about 50% of VO2max

 

aerobic exercise doesn’t cause an increase in blood epinephrine concentration until intensity is pretty high (certainly above 50% VO2max but maybe not until intensity is 75% VO2max).

any aerobic exercise, no matter the intensity, increases circulating catecholamines

Glucagon does all EXCEPT

 

stimulates gluconeogenesis

 

stimulates glycogen breakdown

 

stimulates lipolysis

 

stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake

stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake

Which is most likely to cause an increase in blood volume?

 

epinephrine

 

norepinephrine

 

insulin

 

aldosterone

 

cortisol

aldosterone

Insulin effects include all EXCEPT

 

increase in blood glucose

 

skeletal muscle glucose uptake

 

glycogen synthesis and decreased glycogenolysis

 

triglyceride synthesis and decreased lipolysis

 

increased protein synthesis

increase in blood glucose

Insulin resistance is characterized by

 

less than normal skeletal muscle glucose uptake even when insulin levels are normal or even higher than normal

 

failure of the pancreas to produce or secrete insulin

 

hypoglycemia

less than normal skeletal muscle glucose uptake even when insulin levels are normal or even higher than normal

At a given absolute aerobic exercise workload before and after several weeks of aerobic training

 

growth hormone response is lower after training

 

blood epinephrine and norepinephrine are lower after training

 

blood lactate is lower after training

 

all of the above

all of the above

Which is more likely to increase over a half hour of fairly intense aerobic exercise?

 

plasma glucagon

 

plasma insulin

plasma glucagon

Which is more likely to increase after consumption of a meal containing carbohydrates?

 

plasma glucagon

 

plasma insulin

plasma insulin