slp5003 final exam

The preferred term for a person presenting with hearing loss who can derive benefit from hearing aids and uses oral communication is:

hard of hearing

What are recommendations developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to control the spread of infectious diseases?

universal precautions

The conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of an individual patient is defined as:

evidence-based practice

Equipment calibration should occur formally every:

year

The systematic methodology of providing assistance to children who are experiencing educational difficulty to prevent academic failure is:

response to intervention

The development of a standard of practice and process that can be used as a benchmark across a profession is called:

best practice

T/F: Hearing screenings are within the scope of practice of both SLPs and AUDs.

true

The delivery of services to newborns, infants, and children born with hearing loss is:

habilitation

Manual communication and speechreading are the primary means of communication for which individuals?

Deaf with a capital D

The measurement of how far a sound has travelled in one cycle is what?

wavelength

What is the unit of measurement for frequency?

Hertz

The amount of time it takes to complete 1 cycle of vibration is a:

period

What describes both the magnitude and direction of wave displacement from rest?

amplitude

T/F: Pitch and frequency are synonymous.

false

Prerequisites for sound include a source of energy (force), a vibrating object, and a what?

medium of transmission

What medium do humans produce sound?

air

The portion of a cycle that has elapsed at any instant in time relative to some arbitrary starting point is the:

phase

Why is the decibel used as a unit of measure in audiometric testing?

prevents the use of fractions and decimals

The end organ of hearing is known as the:

cochlea

When auditory nerve fibers are arranged in order of frequency from high (basal end to low apical end) it refers to:

tonotopicity

The middle ear has what type of energy transduction?

mechanical

Where is perilymph found?

scala vestibuli and scala tympani

The purpose of the external auditory canal is to protect the inner parts of the ear from debris and to:

increase the amplitude of high-frequency sounds

What are the 2 middle ear muscles?

tensor tympani and stapedius

T/F: Outer hair cells are fewer and make direct contact with the tectorial membrane.

false

What is the primary function of the Eustachian tube?

equalize pressure in the middle ear space

The primary purpose of the middle ear is to:

impedance match

Air conduction testing tell us:

extent & configuration

Bone conduction testing tells us:

type of hearing loss

Why are sound rooms important in audiometric testing?

they help to reduce background noise

T/F: All audiometers must have a frequency dial that allows the selection of each of the various frequencies used during the hearing test.

true

Which of the following has shown to greater reduce the impact of unwanted ambient noise during audiometric testing: standard or insert earphones?

insert earphones

Please define the lowest decibel level at which audiometric responses occur in at least half of a series of ascending trials.

auditory threshold

For a standard audiometric test, diagnostic testing should begin at:

1000 Hz

What is the difference, in decibels, between the intensity of sound that was presented to the poorer ear and the amount of sound that actually reached the good ear?

interaural attenuation

The lowest interaural attenuation value for supra-aural earphones is:

40 dB

The lowest interaural attenuation value for insert earphones is:

55 dB

Eustachian tube dysfunction, otitis media, otosclerosis, and cholesteatomas are found in which portion of the ear?

middle ear

Someone with age related permanent hearing loss coupled with a cerumen impaction would likely experience which type of hearing loss?

mixed

Which of the following anatomical areas causes conductive hearing loss if it sustains damage:

outer ear

middle ear

pinna

concha?

all of the above

T/F: Common characteristics of otitis media includes crying, sleeplessness, pain, aural fullness, irritability, pulling or tugging at the ears, drainage from the ears, headache neck pain, inconsistent response to sound and conductive hearing loss.

true

T/F: Meningitis, mastoiditis, cholesteatomas are all potential medical consequences that can result from otitis media.

true

T/F: The degree of hearing loss associated with otitis media may range from minimal to profound.

false

What is a chronic and progressive inner ear condition that is characterized by buildup of endolymph in the labyrinth, causing auditory and vestibular disturbances?

Meniere's Disease

T/F: SLP's should check for collapsing ear canals when using earphones during a hearing screening.

true

Perforated tympanic membrane (eardrum) are due to either inflammation or:

trauma

The best treatment for noise induced hearing loss is:

prevention

T/F: Audiometrically, the type of hearing loss caused by noise exposure is sensorineural in nature.

true

When certain drugs or substances damage the inner ear or organs of balance, what's the term?

ototoxicity

Meniere's Disease is caused by too much buildup of:

endolymph

Presbycusis is defined as hearing loss from:

age

T/F: The cause of Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is unknown.

true

T/F: An Acoustic neuroma is a malignant tumor.

false, it's cancerous

What is a condition in which test results include present otoacoustic emissions and an absent or grossly abnormal ABR.

ANSD

When the mother has a recessive trait for hearing loss and passes it to her male offspring only, it is considered what type of genetic hearing loss?

x-linked

T/F: Mumps, measles, rubella, and other viruses can cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss.

true

Masking for speech should be applied when:

speech threshold for the test ear exceed the best bone conduction score of the nontest ear by 40dB

A speech recognition threshold is established using what type of words?

spondee

What is the softest level where someone can understand speech at least 50% of the time?

speech recognition threshold

What is the softest level where someone can just detect speech at least 50% of the time?

speech awareness threshold

Please define the mathematical difference between someone's thresholds to the point of their uncomfortable loudness level.

dynamic range

T/F: The pure-tone average (PTA) and speech recognition threshold (SRT) should agree.

true

Word recognition testing is for assessing:

clarity

The point where a listener could no longer tolerate the sound for more than a few seconds is called:

loudness discomfort level

T/F: Speech testing stimuli are more naturally occurring in the environment than tones used for pure-tone testing.

true

Audiometric testing used when attempting to subjectively test a child with a developmental age of 6-7 months:

Behavioral Observation Audiometry (BOA)

Audiometric testing frequently performed in the sound field using 2 audiologists, or with an available SLP:

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)

What type of audiometric testing should be used when attempting to subjectively test a child with a developmental or chronological age of 2.5 to 5 years of age?

Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)

A typically developing 4-year-old child is being seen in an audiology clinic. What testing technique will likely be used to obtain the most reliable test results?

Conditioned Play Audiometry (CPA)

Instead of obtaining thresholds during pediatric testing, a _ _ _ is generally acceptable.

minimum response level

Please define the type of audiometric testing used with food or a palpable reward.

Tangible Reinforcement Operant Conditional Audiometry (TROCA)

Audiometric testing using an animated light-up toy as a reward:

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA)

What is the main goal of the EHDI program?

to promote early detection of hearing loss

What does early detection of hearing loss promote?

linguistic and communicative competence

What part of the auditory system do otoacoustic emissions assess?

cochlea

Tests that require behavioral response include:

pure-tones

2 types of otoacoustic emission testing include:

TEOAE and DPOAE

Which of the following can help provide frequency specific info during physiologic testing:

-ABR (Auditory Brainstem Response)

-ASSR (Auditory Steady State Response)

-ENG (Electronystagmography)

-VNG (Videonystagmography)

ASSR

T/F: OAE results can determine type and extent of a hearing loss.

false

T/F: ABR is a direct measure of hearing sensitivity.

false

T/F: Some individuals may need to be sedated for ABR testing.

true

The ABR measures neurological response to auditory stimuli at the level of the:

brainstem

T/F: About 50% of children with unilateral hearing loss will be retained in a grade or will require resource assistance in school.

true

T/F: Children with unilateral hearing loss can localize sound.

false

T/F: High-frequency sensorineural hearing loss in children generally has an insignificant impact on speech & language development and communication ability.

false

T/F: A reverse curve hearing loss has a rising configuration.

true

What is an auditory processing disorder?

the impaired ability to attend to, discriminate, remember, recognize, or comprehend information presented auditorily

T/F: Rapid involuntary rhythmic eye movement is known as vertigo.

false

T/F: VNGs and ENGs primarily monitor nystagmus.

true

T/F: VNGs and ENGs can determine the exact cause of dizziness.

false

T/F: Vestibular testing result interpretation is out of the scope of practice for SLPs.

true

When the air conduction results are outside of the normal range (exceeding 15 dB HL), but the bone conduction thresholds are within normal limits, what type of hearing loss is there?

conductive hearing loss

What type of procedure becomes valuable in identifying the etiology of an outer ear disoder?

otoscopy; visual inspection

T/F: In the presence of microtia and atresia, treatment may include medical and/or surgical options.

true

T/F: If impacted cerumen is suspected, it is strongly recommended that the patient consult his/her physician.

true

What is the recommended treatment for otitis externa (swimmer's ear)?

varies depending on etiology; could include antibiotics recommended by physician, refraining from swimming/bathing, and potentially surgery

T/F: Identification or suspicion of a ruptured eardrum requires immediate referral to a medical professional.

true

T/F: Otitis media is a diagnosis that can be made by AUDs.

false, must be made by appropriately credentialed medical personnel (physicians, nurse practitioners, and the like)

T/F: Routine medical/otologic & audiologic referrals, exams, and management are imperative when treating otitis media.

true

What treatments are often successful for otitis media?

medications and/or surgeries such as myringotomy and pressure equalization (PE) tube insertion