Informative and Persuasive Speaking

This collection of flashcards focuses on key concepts of informative and persuasive speaking, designed to help students review for exams effectively.

What are the three levels of informative speaking?

Formal, vocational, and impromptu.

What is a formal informative speech?

Occurs when an audience has assembled specifically to hear what you have to say.

What roles do teachers play in vocational level informative speaking?

Teachers deliver lectures as a form of informative speaking.

What is impromptu informative speaking?

Everyday communication that conveys information without advanced preparation.

What categories can informative speeches emerge from?

Objects/creatures, people, events, processes, concepts, and issues.

What is the purpose of presenting information in informative speeches?

To educate and engage the audience.

How can broad informative topics be adapted?

They can be tailored to fit any topical category.

What type of speech informs the audience about social harmony?

An informative speech about the Japanese concept of 'wa'.

What does a speech about events focus on?

Past occasions or ongoing occurrences.

What is the main focus of speeches about processes?

Providing a step-by-step account of a procedure or natural occurrence.

How should a speaker conduct research for informative speeches?

Speakers should find objective, balanced, and credible sources.

What can help make abstract concepts more concrete in informative speeches?

Using relevant examples and relatable information.

What is the importance of novel information in speeches?

It engages the audience by defying their expectations.

What should speakers avoid when addressing their audience’s knowledge level?

Overestimating their audience’s knowledge about a topic.

What are the three types of reasoning?

Inductive, deductive, and causal.

What does inductive reasoning rely on?

The citation of examples to reach conclusions.

What is a syllogism?

A deductive reasoning structure that supports a conclusion with major and minor premises.

What is causal reasoning?

Establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between two events.

What is a key characteristic of inductive reasoning?

It does not result in definitive true or false conclusions.

How do speakers use inductive reasoning effectively?

By providing substantial and relevant examples.

What is deductive reasoning?

Deriving specific conclusions from general premises.

What is the 'false cause' fallacy?

Arguing insufficiently that one event caused another.

What does the ad hominem fallacy involve?

Attacking a person rather than their argument.

What is the slippery slope fallacy?

Arguing that one action will inevitably lead to a series of actions.

How can speakers effectively use pathos?

By evoking emotions and using vivid language.

What are the key components of ethos?

Competence, trustworthiness, and dynamism.

What is the role of logos in persuasive speaking?

Presenting logical reasoning and credible evidence.

What did Aristotle emphasize in persuasion?

Ethos and logos, while pathos also plays a significant role.

What motivates people's need for self-esteem in persuasive messages?

Promising increases in respect and status.

What are the layers of needs according to Maslow's hierarchy?

Physiological, safety, social, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs.

What should persuasive strategies aim to address?

Beliefs, attitudes, and values of the audience.

How can effective persuasive speeches combine strategies?

By integrating ethos, logos, and pathos.

What is cognitive dissonance?

The mental discomfort from conflicting beliefs or information.

What persuasive strategy can arise from cognitive dissonance?

Motivating behavior change by resolving inconsistencies.

How can positive motivation be applied in persuasive speaking?

By promising rewards for following the speaker’s message.

What should speakers avoid when appealing to fears?

Making threats that lack credible support.

What kind of strategies help speakers appeal to social needs?

Messages that promise in-group status or belonging.