Chapter 9: Adolescent Brain Development and Behavior

What part of the brain undergoes significant maturation during adolescence?

The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for future planning, complex decision-making, morality, and self-control.

What is myelination and when does it occur?

Myelination is the process of forming a myelin sheath around neurons, occurring until the mid-twenties.

What are neurotransmitters and why are they important during adolescence?

Neurotransmitters are chemical signals between neurons, which are heightened during adolescence, aiding in better reasoning and judgment.

What leads to increased risk-taking behaviors in adolescents?

The underdevelopment of the prefrontal cortex compared to fully developed areas of the brain that seek pleasure and excitement.

How does peer pressure affect adolescent decision-making?

Peer influence can overpower logical reasoning, leading adolescents to engage in risky behaviors despite knowing the potential consequences.

What is the impact of hormonal changes on adolescent behavior?

Hormonal changes can cause emotional fluctuations and contribute to decision-making difficulties in adolescents.

Why might the teenage years be considered a 'time of storm and stress'?

Adolescents experience significant brain changes and emotional struggles, often leading to conflicts with parents and risky behavior.

How does decision-making differ in adolescents compared to adults?

Adolescents may struggle to integrate logical reasoning with emotional and social factors, leading to indecisiveness and riskier choices.

What is a potential concern about treating adolescents the same as adults for risky behavior?

Adolescents are still developing cognitively, so harsh consequences may not be appropriate as they may not fully understand the implications of their actions.

How does the social environment influence adolescent behavior?

A supportive social environment can help guide adolescents towards better decision-making and reduce risk-taking behaviors.