Photosynthesis

ATP

AKA adenosine triphosphate- adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

Anabolic

small molecules combined

autotroph

produce their own food(glucose)

carotenoids

pigments in plants, algae, & photosynthesis bacteria

chemiosmosis

light energy to chemical energy (ATP) (light-dependent)

chlorphyll

green pigment reflected in plants

endergonic

reactions that absorb energy

endothermic

reactions that require heat

granum

stack of thylakoids that contain chlorphyll

photophosphorylation

free phosphate can be re-attached to ADP reforming ATP

photorespiration

occurs on hot, dry, bright days

photorespiration

what occurs when the stomata is close?

photorespiration

what is the fixation of O2?

photorespiration

what produces 2-C molecules?

stomata

pores in a plant's cuticle (water vaport and gases(CO2 and O2) are exchanged between the plant & atmosphere

thylakoid

membranous disks of lamellae within plant chloroplasts

chemical formula for photosynthesis

6 C02 + 6H20------C6H12O6 + 6 O2

stroma

tiny openings on epidermis of leaves

water vapor and oxygen

gases that exit the stomata

carbon dioxide

gas that enter the stomata

chlorplast

photosynthesis occurs in the

chlorphyll pigments are reduced

leaves change colors because

blue-420 and red-660

what wavelengths make plants the color they are?

boarden the range of light that can be absorbed by a plant

what do accessory/secondary pigments do?

accessory/secondary pigments

what are chlorphyll b, carenotoids, xanthophyll, anthocyanin, phycoerythrin, and phycocyanin?

chlorphyll b

what transmits green light and absorbs blue and red light?

carenotoids

what reflects orange, yellow, and red light waves?

xanthophyll

what makes leaves turn yellow in the fall?

anthocyanin

what absorbs blue-green light?

the sun

what is the energy for all life on Earth?

light reactions

light energy to make two molecules for the next stage of photosynthesis

ATP and NADPH

what is the result of a light reaction?

thylakoid membrane

where is a light reaction located?

dark reactions

carbon-fixing reaction

glucose

what is the end product of a dark reaction?

stroma

where is a dark reaction located?

stroma

where is the calvin cycle located?

glucose

what is the final product of the calvin cycle?

C3 pathway

what is the calvin cycle known as?

C3 plants

what type of plant is in hot and moist environments, is in 15% of plants, and makes 4-carbon sugar?

C4 plants

what type of plants avoid photorespiration, uses PEP during carbon fixation(fixes carbon dioxide into a four-carbon molecule called malate)

CAM plants

what type of plants lives in hot, dry environments, in 5% of plants, and stomata is closed during day and open during night?

light reaction

what reaction occurs during the day?

calvin cycle

what reaction occurs during the night?

photorespiration

what occurs on hot, dry bright days, stomata is close, has a fixation of O2, produces no sugar or ATP?

oxygen

Which product is released during the light-dependent reactions?

to make glucose

What is the purpose of photosynthesis?

split water into H and O

What is light energy used to do?

excess water being released from leaves

what is transpiration?

carbon dioxide

what is the gas we breathe out that plants use for photosynthesis?

to produce NADPH and ATP

what is primary function of light dependent reactions?