AQA Biology GCSE - Topic 1: Cell Biology

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and processes related to cell biology as per the AQA Biology GCSE syllabus.

What are the two main types of cells and what are examples of each?

Prokaryotic cells (e.g. bacterial cells) and Eukaryotic cells (e.g. animal and plant cells).

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Contains DNA coding for proteins and is enclosed in a nuclear membrane.

What are organelles?

Structures within a cell that have specific functions.

What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

Where aerobic respiration occurs, providing energy for the cell.

What is the significance of the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

They are the site where protein synthesis occurs.

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Where photosynthesis takes place, providing food for the plant.

How do root hair cells aid in the absorption of water?

They have a large surface area, allowing for more efficient uptake of water and minerals.

What is differentiation in the context of cell specialization?

The process through which cells gain new sub-cellular structures to perform specific roles.

What is the role of stem cells in the body?

Stem cells can differentiate into various cell types and can proliferate to produce more similar cells.

What is osmosis?

The movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one through a partially permeable membrane.

What happens to animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution?

Excess water leaves the cell, causing it to become shriveled.

What is active transport?

The movement of particles from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, requiring energy.

What is the main purpose of culturing microorganisms in the lab?

To study them, scientists grow them in large numbers using suitable culture media.

What formula is used to calculate the size of an object under a microscope?

Size of object = size of image / magnification.