Particle and Mixtures

What are the 3 things that affect how strong the forces of attraction are between the particles of the material

Material-Temperature-pressure

Characteristic of Solids

-Strong forces of attraction between particles (hold them close in fixed positions)

-Definite shape/volume

-Particles vibrate about their positions (the hotter, the more vibrations)

What causes the strong force of attraction of a solid

Regular lattice movement

What causes the increase in temperature of a solid

Solids expand slightly

Characteristic of Liquids

-Weak force of attraction between particles (randomly arranged, free to move)

-Definite volume

-Not definite shape (flow to fill bottom of a container)

-Particles are constantly moving with random motion (the hotter the faster)

What causes the increase in temperature of a liquid

Liquids expand slightly

Characteristic of Gases

-Very weak force of attraction between particles (free to move, far apart)

-Dont keep a definite shape(always fill the container)

-Not definite shape

-Particles are constantly moving with random motion (the hotter the faster)

How do the particles in gases move

In straight lines

What do gasses do when heated

Expand or their Pressure increases

What is Physical change

A change that affects the form or appearance of a substance

What is Chemical change

A change in which one or more new substances are formed because the atoms are rearranged to make different substances.

What happens when a State is heated

-Particles gain more energy (kinetic)

-Particles vibrate (solid) more or move faster(liquid)

-At a certain temp (point) particles have enough energy to break free

-The substance changes state

What does the vibration of the particles do when a solid is heated

weakens the force that holds the solid (creates expansion)

Solid to Liquid

Melting

Liquid to Solid

Freezing(solidification)

Liquid to Gas

Boiling (or evaporation)

Gas to Liquid

Condensation

Solid to Gas

Sublimation

Gas to Solid

Deposition (or desublimation)

Definition of Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are evenly spread out.