textiles exam 2

The two types of manufactured fibers are:

regenerated and synthetic

The raw material for fiber spinning can be a natural product such as cellulose or protein, or it can a synthetic polymer.

True

The raw material for fiber spinning is a natural product such as cellulose or protein, or it is a synthetic polymer; these raw materials are dissolved in liquid chemicals and made into thick solutions called

dope/spinning solution

Long continuous fiber of indefinite length (runs in meters and/ or kilometers)

Filament Fiber

Forcing or pumping the spinning solution through the tiny holes of a spinneret

Extrusion

Untwisted rope of thousands of filament fibers

Filament tow

Fibers with denier less than 1.0

Microfibers

Fibers with denier less than 0.3

Ultrafine Fibers

Imitates the air cells of some animal hair, which provides insulation in cold weather and buoyancy in water like duck feathers (down).

Hollow Fibers

variation in the fiber's diameter along the fiber length (resulting from uneven drawing and stretching) creates a slub like effect.

Thick and Thin Fibers

The fibers reflect light much as a mirror does and produce fabric with a glint or sparkle

Flat Fibers

It is spun through a spinneret with three triangularly arranged splits

Trilobal fibers

3 general steps common to all manufactured fiber spinning processes are :

1. Prepare viscous dope or melt
2. Extrusion of the dope or melt
3. Solidifying of fiber

To deluster a fiber _______ a pigment is added to the spinning solution before the fiber is extruded.

**titanium dioxide**

The addition of colored pigments or dyes to the spinning solution is called ________

Solution dyeing

Melt spinning

* It is a direct process, least expensive with high spinning speeds. 
* The polymer chips are heated until they form a liquid melt and the melt is used to form the fiber
* No solvent is used

Dry spinning

* Fiber is spun into warm air

Wet Spinning

* Raw material (wood) is dissolved by chemicals.
* Oldest fiber spinning process

Identify the fiber from its description: \n \n a. Highly absorbent & dyeable \n b. Used in feminine hygiene products \n c. Soft drape \n d. Weak when wet

Rayon

Pertaining to Acetate which of the following statements are __not true .__

Used to make wigs.

Acetate has problem with fume fading.

True

Generic name of regenerated protein fiber

Azlon

Flowerpetal shaped cross section with fewer striations

Acetate

Lengthwise striations and serrated/indented circular shape.

Rayon

Rounded cross section and smoother longitudinal structure.

Lyocell

Lyocell has moderate resiliency, it will wrinkle but not as severly as Rayon.

True

This fiber has the lowest elastic recovery among any of the fibers studied.

Rayon

Identify the source of this Rayon? This Rayon is made from ____________  based on the description provided below: \n \n a. breathable \n b. regenerated \n c. source has antibacterial properties \n d. the source grows very quickly (a meter a day) \n e. made from the tallest grass

bamboo

Why does rayon fiber  become weaker when wet (resulting in crushed appearance) ?

Due to the amorphorous regions int he fiber structure. Water readily enters the amorphour area causing the molecular chains to separate as the fiber swells, breaking the hydrogen bonds and distorting the chains.

Lyocell is a manufactured fiber most like cotton

True

Rayon fabirc have a poor dimentional stability and fabric may shrink and stretch

True

The reason for rayon fiber developing striations is:

Loss of solvent during fiber coagulation results in the collapse of fiber cross section

Regenerated fibers are also Manufactured fibers.

True

Two azlon fiber sources can be protein from

Soy and Milk

Pertaining to Rayon fiber, which of the following is **not "TRUE"** ( __look for a false statement__)

Producing consumer goods from Rayon uses very less water, dyes and finishing chemicals.

Weak fiber that loses about 50% of its strength when wet

Rayon

Tencel is a tradename of

Lyocell

Uses wet spinning and also called as viscose and modal in toher parts of the world.

Rayon

Does not go throught he aging process like regular rayon.

HWM rayon

\n Solvent spinning is used to manufacture this fiber

Lyocell

List atleast 3 enviornmental impact of Lyocell as compared to Rayon.

1. solvent is recycled efficiently.
2. wood is harvested from tree farms specifically developed for this end use.
3. chemicals used for production of lyocell are significanlty less hazadous to the environment that those used for rayon production.

Pertaining to Lyocell, identify the statement that provides incorrect information about the fiber. 

Lyocell is more expensive that rayon

Production of Lyocell is environemntally friendly as compared to production of Rayon.

\n True

Olefin is chemically inert.

True

List and define the two types of manufactured fibers.

Regenrated and Synthetic fibers

Oleophilic property of Polyester makes it hard to remove oil stain from polyester fabric.

True

Nylon has low compression resiliency.

False

Dacron is the tradename of which fiber

Polyester

*(Elasterell-p or Lastol)* is a stretch Polyester generic name.

**Elasterell-p**

Low pilling fibers are engineered by reducing molecular weight of the fiber.

True

Olefin is used in active sportswear because:

* Strong and Durable
* excellent wicking property
* Light  weight fabric

Pitted, dog bone or lima bean

Acrylic

Transparent & clear rod like

Nylon

Creamy white, dog bone

Modacrylic

Striation, lobular or flower petal shaped

Acetate

Striations and indented circular shape

Rayon

Which of the following are properties of Olefin fiber

* Inexpensive
* Static resistant
* Light weight
* Chemically inert

All off to the above

Acrylic is manufactured using Melt spinning process

False

Supplex is a tradename of ______ fiber, used in wind resistant, water repellent, breathable, and durable products.

Nylon

Glazing occurs in Heat sensitive fibers.

True

Trilobal shaped Nylon fibers are used in making carpets because of its soil hiding properties.

True

Which of the following fibers is called __**color scavenger**__

Nylon

Instead of absorbing moisture acrylic fibers ________ moisture to the fabric's exterior where it evaporates and coills the body.

**Wicks**

Olefin fiber properties resemble those of _______

Polyester

Trade name of recycled polyester

1. Polartec
2. Ecofil
3. Fortrel EcoSpun

Delustering agent used in manufacturing a fiber can weaken the fiber

False

2 reason why you would not use polyester over nylon fiber to make foundation garment

1. Nylon has higher elongation than Polyester
2. Polyester has tendency to retain bacterial odor.

Two problems with Nylon recycling are:

1. Wide variety of Nylon polymers are available which make its difficult to sort the nylons
2. Presence of other material added to the melt in producing the original material.

Modacrylic demonstrates poor flame resistance .

False

To identify synthetic fibers the best method is

\n Chemical solubility

Fiber tenacity affects pilling.

\*Tenacity= strength

True

You will use which of the following fibers to make a highly durable, inexpensive, light weight product.

Olefin

Hosiery

Nylon

Wigs and fur like fabrics

Modacrylic

Kids sweater for Fall or spring (not winter)

Acrylic

Lightweight fabric used for Active sportswear

Olefin

Recycled fabric  made from bottle grade

Polyester

Acrylic fiber add bulk without increasing weight .

True

Voided fibers help hide soil.

True

Nylon has poor appearance retention.

False

The grade of polyester that can be recycled to make textiles__________________

Bottle grade

Regarding specific gravity; Acrylic is heavy because it has low specific gravity and Glass is light weight because it has high specific gravity.

False

Under the microscope Polyester looks more transparent than Nylon

False

Nylon is the most widely used fiber in U.S. and the single most important use of Nylon is for making carpets.

True

Higher degree of orientation in a fiber results in high crystallinity in fiber.

True

Nylon is used to make carpets because

* resistant to attacks of insects and fungi
* high appearance retention
* high abrasion resistance
* highly resilient

Acrylic considered superior fiber to wool because of its nonallergenic (hypoallergenic) potential and light weight

False

Nylon is suitable for industrial products  like rope, cords, parachutes because:

* high durability
* resistance to chemicals
* light weight
* high tenacity

Tyvek is tradename of which fiber

Olefin

Common properties of  synthetic fibers are:

Thermoplasticity, Oleophilic, Hydrophobic, Electrostatic, Resistat to moths & fungi, Low fiber density

Drawing and stretching of a fiber results in:

* Strengthens the intermolecular forces
* Aligns or orients the molecules

Which of the following appearance retention properties of Polyester are true:

1. High elastic recovery at low elongations
2. Doesn't wrinkle easily but if it wrinkles then its hard to get rid of the wrinkle
3. Hydrophobic hence polyester fabric dries up quickly
4. Excellent resiliency

It is difficult to dye Olefin.

True

Heat setting is a process that uses heat to stabilize yarns and fibers made from **Heat resistant** fibers.

False

Polyester has a tendency for retaining bacterial odor.

True

Shrinkage resistance of synthetic fibers can be improved by Heat setting the fibers

True

Pilling is more likely to occur in products made from _____ fibers

**staple, filament)**

Polyester has better sunlight resistance than Nylon.

True

Often petroleum-based chemicals or petrochemicals are used to produce synthetic fibers.

True

Pilling is worse when you make a product from:

A blend of staple fiber and synthetic filament fiber