World History Final

Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god

divine right

A sudden overthrow of the government by a small group

Coup d'etat

98% of the population, consisted of the bourgeoisie, the san-culottes and the peasants

Third Estate

The second class of French society made up of the nobility

second estate

The first class of French society made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church

first estate

the third estate broke into a tennis court, pledging to stay there until they had drawn up the a new constitution

tennis court oath

where people were organized politically and socially by the three estates

old regime

Descendants of the Europeans in Latin America, usually implies an upper class status

creoles

he was known as libertador

simon Bolivar

used in latin america to describe latin americans born in spain

peninsulares

he led a slave revolt that ended slavery on the isalnd of Hispanolia

Toussaint L’Ouverture

the name of the french third of the island of Hispaniola

saint Domingue

the independence movement in mexico was led, in part, by a priest named

miguel hidalgo

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

nationalism

the process of countries building empires by gaining control of weaker nations

imperialism

plan for achieving peace

fourteen points

What concept was the belief in “divine right” used to support?

absolute rule

What was the edict of nantes an effort to do?

bring an end to violent religious conflicts in France

who developed the scientific method

francis bacon

the law of gravity was explained by

isaac newton

a mob stormed the prison looking for gunpowder

bastille day

Why did Peter the Great build the city of St. Petersburg?

he wanted a city on a seaport that would make it easier to travel to the west

What is the political significance of the Palace of Versailles?

to show the power of Louis XIV and arouse the envy of other monarchs

what did the enlightenment promote?

a belief in progress, a more secular outlook, and faith in science

How did the Declaration of Independence embody Enlightenment ideals?

it said that people have rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

what was caused by the scientific revolution?

improvements in medicine and scientific instruments

new way of viewing the natural world- based on observation and inquiry

scientific revolution

What were the causes of the French Revolution?

social inequalities, economic trouble, and enlightenment ideas

an angry crowd of women marching to versailles

march on versailles

What was one of Napoleons accomplishments during peacetime?

he established a fairer tax code

Napoleon’s biggest blunder was

invading russia

What was a goal of the Congress of Vienna?

to establish a balance of power in europe

an increase in machine made goods beginning in england

Industrial Revolution

**Captain Alfred Dreyfus, had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to German**

Dreyfus affair

the idea that it was the right and the duty of the United States to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific ocean

Manifest Destiny

Americans use the term manifest destiny to justify

westward expansion

jews who worked for a homeland in Palestine

zionists

who was the American inventor and industrialist who made factory production more efficient by introducing the assembly line

henry ford

declared all slaves in the confederate states as free

emancipation proclamation

who was the british woman who formed the womens political and social union?

Emmeline Pankhurst

the Cherokee nation was forced to move from their land in the east (Indian Removal Act)

trail of tears

who invented the first practical electric light bulb?

Thomas Edison

who won a nobel prize for both pysics and chemistry?

marie curie

who developed the theory of evolution?

charles Darwin

who developed the germ theory of disease along with discovering and naming bacteria?

Louis Pasteur

who invented the telephone?

Alexander Graham Bell

who helped invent the first airplane?

Wilbur Wright

indian soldiers

sepoys

used to discourage european nations from establishing colonies in Latin America

monroe Doctrine

granted immunity to prosecution under the laws of a country to the nationals of another country

extrateritorial rights

what did the chartist movement press for?

universal male suffrage

the outbreak of the civil war was a direct result of the

confederate attack on fort Sumter

How did the Industrial Revolution affect cities?

it made the population grow faster than the housing supply

*Who wrote this book The Wealth of Nations?*

Adam Smith

What promise by Abraham Lincoln frightened Southern states into seceding?

to stop the spread of slavery

What were the results of the Sepoy Mutiny?

the british government tightened its control over India

what was a cause of the sepoy rebellion?

nationalism

last monarch of Hawaii

queen Liliuokalani

What was the main reason for the Crimean War?

Russia wanted land on the Black sea to gain access to the Mediterranean

What happened as a result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?

europeans divided africa into colonies without consulting african leaders

What country brought opium into China?

britain

what was the purpose of the monroe doctrine?

to discourage european nations

who benefited the most from the granting of extraterritorial rights in china?

foreigners in china

What were the results of the Spanish-American War?

Spain lost control of Cuba

What event in Bosnia ignited the Great War?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany

What nation’s actions caused the United States to fight in World War I?

germany

How did the Treaty of Versailles affect postwar Germany?

it left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in the hearts of the German people

A type of government ruled by a dictator

totalitarian state

Nations use all possible resources to win war

total war

Policy of glorifying power and keeping an army prepared for war

militarism

Monk close to royal family, illiterate, self-proclaimed "holy man”

Rasputin

radical group led by Lenin

bolsheviks

Russian parliament

duma

last czar of the romanov dynasty

Nicholas II

National policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

isolationism

a German word meaning “lighting war”

blitzkrieg

What was the goal of Mao’s cultural revolution?

to preserve Chinese communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from chinese society

How did Roosevelt’s New Deal program fight the Depression?

**the stock market and banking system created their own reform council**

which German political party sought to overturn the treaty of versailles and combat communism?

nazi

what does fascism stress?

nationalism

What was the purpose of the Soviet state’s Five-Year plans?

economic development

What are the main pillars of fascism?

nationalism

China’s strategy for modernization and economic development in the 1950s most closely resembled the developmental strategy of which nation?

Soviet Union

what is true of Germany, Italy, and Japan?

all three had governments controlled by fascists

what was the goal of US isolationists after WWI?

that political ties to other countries should be avoided

What caused Germans to start taking Adolf Hitler and his message seriously?

the economic crisis brought on by the Great Depression

the soviet union signed a nonagression pact with

germany

the german blitkrieg was a military strategy that depended on what advantage?

surprise and overwhelming force

What event occurred on the day described as “a date which will live in infamy?”

attack on Pearl Harbor

Where were the atomic bombs dropped?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

During WWII, the US began a full trade embargo against who?

Japan

What was the goal of Hitler’s “Final Solution?”

**it was genocide of people the Nazis considered inferior**

Accepting demands in order to avoid conflict

appeasement

**it symbolized the dangers of appeasement** 

Munich Conference

**it upheld rights of free trade and choice of government**

Atlantic Charter

what was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century?

the impact of medical innovations and public health measures

policy aimed at preventing the spread of communism

Containment

*metaphor for the split in Europe between communism and capitalism*

iron curtain

a failed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro

bay of pigs invasion